尼龙1010－聚四氢呋喃多嵌段共聚物的ESCA研究

尼龙１０１０－聚四氢呋哺多嵌段共聚物（ＰＡ－ＰＴＭＧ）是一种性能良好的聚合物。本文用Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＥＳＣＡ）和计算机分峰技术研究了不同软硬段分子量的ＰＡ－ＰＴＭＧ的表面化学组成，进行了试样ＥＳＣＡ谱峰归属的确定。结果表明，本体嵌段效果较好，但在样品表面上Ｏ／Ｎ原子比大于体相Ｏ／Ｎ原子比，即软段富集于表面，并且分相程度高的试样较分相程度低的试样其软段在表面富集得更多。     

Evaluating departures from fair representation

Computer–intensive estimates are introduced to evaluate departures from proportionality between the numbers of electors in a partition of a voting population and the numbers of representatives in the corresponding partition of the elected representation. At the first stage a pair of indices is proposed, one to evaluate the total strength of the departures and the other to indicate to what extent they are due to over–representation increasing (or decreasing) with the number of electors in a group. The properties of the indices are examined in suitably defined stochastic models which describe this type of over–representation. Since the values of the indices are strongly influenced by the distribution of electors in the given partition, a second stage of estimation is performed in order to get some [partition–free] information on the existence of a monotone size representation, and, if it exists, on its strength. The relevant transformation is based on intensive computer simulation in the introduced models. The methods proposed are applied to the results of the 1991 election of the Polish Scientific Research Council, which distributes funds among universities, scientific institutions and individual groups of researchers.     

OUTLIER TEST IN RANDOMIZED LINEAR MODEL

In this paper, we give an approach for detecting one or more outliers inrandomized linear model The likelihood ratio test statistic and its distributions under the null hypothesis and the alternative bypothesis are given. Furthermore, the rebustneas of the test statistic in a certain sere is proved. Finally, the optimality properties of the test are derived.     

多元线性回归中度量影响的置信域体积比统计量

本文从多元线性回归模型回归系数的椭球置信域出发,导出度量影响的置信域体积比诊断统计量,并给出了它在协方差矩阵未知时的近似表达式。     

Supporting complex group decisions: A probabilistic multi-dimensional scaling approach

Groups often face complex decisions; decisions in which the decision alternatives are not clearly defined and the criteria for choosing an alternative are subject to dispute within the group. We present a Group Decision Support System that will use judgments from the group to visualize the decision problem in a probabilistic geometric space. In this geometric representation, actual decision alternatives and an ideal alternative—an artificial alternative that identifies the ideal solution to the group's decision dilemma—are portrayed as distributions in a multi-dimensional space. Dispersions of the distributions measure the uncertainties of the decision process. The psychometric theory used to develop the probabilistic geometric representation is described. Preliminary research is presented which demonstrates that geometric representations of this type help groups both to understand better the decision they face and to find better solutions.     

A ratio scale metric and the compatibility of ratio scales: The possibility of arrow's impossibility theorem

We develop a metric for ratio scales and explore the notion of compatibility of two sets of measurements of a set of objects or properties on a ratio scale. We briefly address Arrow's impossibility theorem. We maintain that it is not as impossible as claimed when, as in reality, a certain degree of inconsistency and incompatibility are allowed.     

比光谱导数分光光度法同时测定微量钙,镁

本文采用比光谱导数分光光度法，研究了以铬天青Ｓ为显色剂，溴化十六烷基三甲铵为增溶剂的Ｃａ，Ｍｇ混合显色体系的测定方法，探讨了显色条件，测定波长及求导计算时波长间距的选择等问题，应用于合成样品和实际水样的分析，获得了良好的结果。     

金等离子体中类Ni和类Ga离子跃迁子阵强度比研究

用Cowan 的原子结构从头算程序和SOSA模型计算各阶电离的金离子的能级结构和跃迁过程,在简化的碰撞辐射模型下求解能级布居数方程,计算了给定密度、不同电子温度下的金等离子体的理论合成谱.研究了类Ni和类Ga离子之间的共振线的强度比随电子温度的变化规律,利用这一变化规律可以为等离子体诊断提供辅助的方法.     

Diagnostic assessment of children’s proportional reasoning

A proportional reasoning item bank was created from the relevant literature and tested in various forms. Rasch analyses of 303 pupils’ test results were used to calibrate the bank, and data from 84 pupils’ interviews was used to confirm our diagnostic interpretations. A number of sub-tests were scaled, including parallel ‘without models’ and ‘with models’ forms. We provide details of the 13-item ‘without models’ test which was formed from the ‘richest’ diagnostic items and verified on a further test sample (N=212, ages 10-13). Two scales were constructed for this test, one that measures children’s ‘ratio attainment’ and one that measures their ‘tendency for additive strategy.’ Other significant errors — ‘incorrect build-up,’ ‘magical doubling/halving,’ ‘constant sum’ and ‘incomplete reasoning’ — were identified. Finally, an empirical hierarchy of pupils’ attainment of proportional reasoning was formed, incorporating the significant errors and the additive scale.     

Fully developed flow in a curved pipe of arbitrary curvature ratio

It is generally assumed in curved pipe flow analyses that the curvature ratio, δ, of the pipe is very small, in which case the flow depends on a single parameter, the Dean number. This is not the case if δ is not very small. To determine the importance of this effect we have numerically solved the full Navier-Stokes equations, in primitive variable form, for arbitrary values of δ. A factored ADI finite-difference scheme has been used, employing Chorin's artificial compressibility technique. The results show that the central-difference calculation on a staggered grid is stable, without adding artificial damping terms, due to coupling between pressure and velocity. A spatially variable time step is used with a fixed Courant number.