Preparation ofwheat resistant starch

A suitable thermal treatment of gels of various starch varieties was assessed to achieve the formation of resistant starch (i.e. amylose crystals). On the basis of DSC data, the yield of amylose crystals and their thermal stability did not seem correlated with the amylose content of the starch. This last parameter may not therefore be referred to as the only factor that defines a resistant starch promising starch variety.     

Solubility characteristics of poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Solubility data for poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in 29 pure solvents are presented and discussed in detail. Functional solubility parameter (FSP) and convex solubility parameter (CSP) computations are performed and the CSP and FSP results are compared to previously reported Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) and to the parameters calculated using additive functional group contribution methods. The empirical data reveals experimental solubility parameters with substantial polar (δ_P) and hydrogen‐bonding (δ_H) components, which are not intrinsic to the structure of the P3HT polymer. Despite these apparent irregularities, it is shown that the predictor method based on the solubility function, f, does provide a reliable way to quantitatively evaluate the solubility of P3HT in other solvents in terms of a given set of empirical solubility data. The solubility behavior is further investigated using linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modeling and COSMO‐RS computations of the activity coefficients of P3HT. The LSER model reveals that (1) the cavity term, δ_T, is the dominant factor governing the solubility behavior of P3HT and (2) the solvent characteristics that dictate the structural order (crystallinity) of P3HT aggregates do not similarly influence the overall solubility behavior of the polymer. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1075–1087     

Prediction of acidity in acetonitrile solution with COSMO-RS

The COSMO-RS method, a combination of the quantum chemical dielectric continuum solvation model COSMO with a statistical thermodynamics treatment for realistic solvation simulations, has been used for the prediction of pK(a) values in acetonitrile. For a variety of 93 organic acids, the directly calculated values of the free energies of dissociation in acetonitrile showed a very good correlation with the pK(a) values (r(2) = 0.97) in acetonitrile, corresponding to a standard deviation of 1.38 pK(a) units. Thus, we have a prediction method for acetonitrile pK(a) with the intercept and the slope as the only adjusted parameters. Furthermore, the pK(a) values of CH acids yielding large anions with delocalized charge can be predicted with a rmse of 1.12 pK(a) units using the theoretical values of slope and intercept resulting in truly ab initio pK(a) prediction. In contrast to our previous findings on aqueous acidity predictions the slope of the experimental pK(a) versus theoretical DeltaG(diss) was found to match the theoretical value 1/RT ln (10) very well. The predictivity of the presented method is general and is not restricted to certain compound classes. However, a systematic correction of -7.5 kcal mol(-1) is required for compounds that do not allow electron-delocalization in the dissociated anion. The prediction model was tested on a diverse test set of 129 complex multifunctional compounds from various sources, reaching a root mean square deviation of 2.10 pK(a) units.     

广州西村窑彩绘瓷无损分析检测

利用微聚焦X射线荧光探针与拉曼光谱仪2种方法,对西村窑彩绘瓷进行了系统的分析测试,结果表明西村窑彩绘瓷胎料选择了一种高质量的高岭土,瓷釉中氧化磷的含量远高于相应的瓷胎,暗示瓷釉中添加了草木灰作为助熔剂;瓷器彩绘的显色物相为赤铁矿(α-Fe2O3),彩绘的不同颜色主要与其中氧化铁含量有关,彩绘表面条状物经鉴定为钙长石(CaAl2Si2O8)。     

Analysis of the influence of backscattered optical power over bidirectional PON links

Our aim is to describe the behavior of non-linear scattering effects that arise in standard single mode fiber (SMF), specifically scattering effects that propagate optical power in the reverse direction of the source signal such as Rayleigh Scattering (RS) and Brillouin Scattering (BS). For this purpose, the effects of backscattering phenomena over a bidirectional data transmission in a passive optical network (PON) scheme have been assessed. The impact of these high optical power components over reception at the optical line terminal (OLT) side has been determined when both links use the same wavelength. Bit Error Rate (BER) measurements have been performed with different transmission rates, using several techniques to mitigate the influence of backscattering over the received signal and considering cases with filtered and unfiltered BS.     

Phase transition and dynamics of NH3 ligands in [Zn(NH3)4](ReO4)2

One phase transition in [Zn(NH₃)₄](ReO₄)₂ at T_c = 393.5 K (on heating) and 392.0 K (on cooling) was found. Thermal stability of this compound was investigated by thermal analysis methods. It decomposes in three main stages. The first two are connected with deamination process, whereas Re₂O₇ evaporates in the last step. The activation energy for NH₃ loss processes was determined from thermogravimetric (TG) measurements. The vibrational and reorientational dynamics of NH₃ ligands in the low-temperature phase was probed by various complementary techniques. It was found that at temperatures close to 150 K, NH⋯O hydrogen bond is formed. Temperature-dependent band shape analysis of properly chosen infrared (IR) band was performed, whose results showed that activation energy for NH₃ reorientational motion (<300 K) is rather small and is approximately equal to 2 kJ mol⁻¹. Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction patterns did not reveal any drastic change in the crystal structure in a wide temperature range.     

Vibrational and reorientational dynamics,crystal structure and solid–solid phase transition studies in [Ca(H2O)6]Cl2 supported by theoretical (DFT) calculations

[Ca(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ between 93 and 300 K possesses two solid phases. One phase transition (PT) of the first‐order type at = 218.0 K (on heating) and = 208.0 K (on cooling) was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal hysteresis of this PT (10 K), as well as the heat flow anomaly sharpness, suggests that the detected PT is a first‐order one. The entropy change value [ΔS ≈ 8.5 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ ≈ Rln(2.8)] associated with the observed PT suggests a moderate degree of molecular dynamical disorder of the high‐temperature phase. The temperature dependencies of the full width at half maximum values of the infrared band are due to ρ(H₂O)A₂ mode (at 205 cm⁻¹), and two Raman bands are arising from τ(H₂O)E and τ(H₂O)A₁ modes (at ca. 410 and 682 cm⁻¹, respectively), suggesting that the observed PT is associated with a sudden change of speed of the H₂O reorientational motions. The estimated mean value of activation energy for the reorientation of the H₂O ligands in the high‐temperature phase is ca. 11.4 kJ mol⁻¹ from Raman spectroscopy and 11.9 kJ mol⁻¹ from infrared spectroscopy. X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction measurement and spectroscopic studies (infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering) also confirm that [Ca(H₂O)₆]Cl₂ includes two sets of differently bonded H₂O molecules. Ab initio calculations of the complete unit cell of one molecule of calcium chloride with a different number of water molecules (2, 4 and 6) have also been carried out. A comparison of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), Fourier Transform Raman Scattering (FT‐RS) and inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopies results with periodic density functional theory calculations was used to provide a complete assignment of the vibrational spectra of [Ca(H₂O)₆]Cl₂. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速RS422总线数字视频采集系统

介绍了一种基于RS422数字接口的PCI总线的单通道数字视频采集系统,可实现30帧/s的1024×1024像元10bit的数字视频采集。系统的核心技术是利用高速数据采集卡进行实时数字图像信号采集,并持续的将采集来的信号数据记录到计算机硬盘上。采集部分可用于PCI总线的视频系统或独立的视频设备中。     

基于状态转换图的555单稳态触发器设计方法

提出555时基电路的输出信号与输入信号之间具有时序特征.根据反映时序特征的状态转换图及单稳态触发器的工作特点,系统地研究了555单稳态触发器的设计方法,分析了外加触发信号的输入方式、电平幅度、持续时间要求、RC电路定时单元的接法及电容的充放电过程,并发现了一些新的设计方案.Multisim仿真及实际硬件验证证明了所提出设计方案的正确性.     

基于次态卡诺图的J、K激励函数最小化方法及时序逻辑电路自启动设计

分析了JK触发器的激励函数和次态函数的关系并在卡诺图上建立二者的联系,提出了在触发器的次态卡诺图上直接求解最小化J、K激励函数的方法,讨论了无效状态的赋值问题及自启动设计方法,对简化时序逻辑电路的设计过程具有实用意义.