Relay selection and nonlinear energy harvesting in full-duplex multi-relay cooperative network

Energy harvesting (EH) is a promising technique to extend the lifetime energy-constrained devices in wireless networks. This paper analyses the significance of relay selection and non-linear EH in evaluating the performance of Full-duplex (FD) decode-and-forward (DF) multi-relay cooperative network. The relay selection is considered under three scenarios based on channel state information (CSI) availability. We compare the EH performance of a hybrid power-time-splitting (PTS)-based non-linear energy harvester with time-spitting (TS) and power-splitting (PS) EH at the relay node. We derive the expression of outage probability (OP) of FD DF multi-relay cooperative network over independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results show that the outage performance of the system is significantly enhanced by deploying an ideal relay selection scheme. This paper also gives insights about the combined effect of saturation threshold of non-linear EH and residual self-interference (RSI) on the system performance. Unlike linear EH systems, the non-linear EH causes the outage floor even when the RSI is significantly small. The response of the system is also analysed for the impact of TS and PS ratios. Furthermore, we also investigate the system’s performance in terms of other system parameters like the number of relays and data transfer rate. Monte Carlo simulations are used to verify the analytical expressions.     

KMnO4-OP Chemiluminescence system for FIA determination of hydrogen peroxide

A fast and simple KMnO₄-OP chemiluminescence system for flow-injection analysis of hydrogen peroxide is described. When a mixture of sample and OP is injected into acidic KMnO₄, solution in a flow-cell, strong chemiluminescence occurs. The response is linear to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the range of 1.0 × 10^–8 to 6.0 × 10^–5 mol/l with 0.1 mol/l permanganate, and the upper limit of linear response could be extended to 6 × 10^–3 mol/l by increasing the permanganate concentration. The relative standard deviation of the method is between 1.6 and 2.3%. The detection limit is 6.0 × 10^–9 mol/l. This method is suitable for automatic and continuous analysis and has been successfully tested for determination of hydrogen peroxide in rain water. The chemiluminescence intensity was found to be remarkably enhanced in the presence of the OP micellar system.     

Cavitation based cleaner technologies for biodiesel production and processing of hydrocarbon streams: A perspective on key fundamentals,missing process data and economic feasibility – A review

The present review emphasizes the role of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and acoustic cavitation in clean and green technologies for selected fuels (of hydrocarbon origins such as gasoline, naphtha, diesel, heavy oil, and crude oil) processing applications including biodiesel production. Herein, the role of cavitation reactors, their geometrical parameters, physicochemical properties of liquid media, liquid oxidants, catalyst loading, reactive oxygen species, and different types of emulsification and formation of radicals, formation as well as extraction of formed by-products are systematically reviewed. Among all types of HC reactors, vortex diode and single hole orifices revealed more than 95 % desulfurization yield and a 20 % viscosity reduction in heavy oil upgrading, while multi-hole orifice (100 holes) and slit Venturi allowed obtaining the best biodiesel production processes in terms of high (%) yield, low cost of treatment, and short processing time (5 min; 99 % biodiesel; 4.80 USD/m³). On the other hand, the acoustic cavitation devices are likely to be the most effective in biodiesel production based on ultrasonic bath (90 min; 95 %; 6.7 $/m³) and desulfurization treatment based on ultrasonic transducers (15 min; 98.3 % desulfurization; 10.8 $/m³). The implementation of HC-based processes reveals to be the most cost-effective method over acoustic cavitation-based devices. Finally, by reviewing the ongoing applications and development works, the limitations and challenges for further research are addressed emphasizing the cleaner production and guidelines for future scientists to assure obtaining comprehensive data useful for the research community.     

催化量OP乳化剂促进THF-FER沸石晶化作用的研究

以四氢呋喃(THF)为模板剂, 在添加催化剂量OP乳化剂(C₈H₁₇C₆H₅O(CH₂CH₂O)₁₀OH, 分子量662)的THF-Na₂O-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-H₂O反应物体系中研究纯相FER沸石的结晶, 并通过粉末X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), ¹³C交叉极化(CP)及²⁷Al魔角旋转核磁共振谱(MAS NMR), X射线荧光散射光谱(XRF), 氮吸附等手段进行表征. 体系中催化剂量OP乳化剂对THF-FER沸石结晶过程具有促进作用, 可明显降低结晶温度, 缩短晶化时间, 有效抑制杂晶相MOR沸石的共生.     

OP功能食品一宫廷强骨珍的研究

宫廷强骨珍是一种针对中老年人原发性骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的功能性食品。经检测分析,本品含有生物碱、皂甙、多糖、蛋白质、维生素D、维生素C、锗、硒、钙多种活性物质和营养素。经动物实验和临床验证表明,本品具有阻止骨质疏松的进程,能提高骨矿物含量,对OP防治作用显     

Influence of trap-assisted tunneling on trap-assisted tunneling current in double gate tunnel field-effect transistor

Trap-assisted tunneling(TAT) has attracted more and more attention, because it seriously affects the sub-threshold characteristic of tunnel field-effect transistor(TFET). In this paper, we assess subthreshold performance of double gate TFET(DG-TFET) through a band-to-band tunneling(BTBT) model, including phonon-assisted scattering and acoustic surface phonons scattering. Interface state density profile(D_(it)) and the trap level are included in the simulation to analyze their effects on TAT current and the mechanism of gate leakage current.     

Spectroscopic Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticides Using Colorimetric Reactions

The UV-Vis and infrared (IR) absorption spectra of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides have been studied. A correlation in spectra was developed to optimize the OP pesticides in the environments. The spectroscopic (UV-Vis and IR) spectrum of OP pesticides like methyl parathion, malathion and parathion has been interpreted in detail. A complete calculation of the normal frequencies and absolute intensities of UV-Vis and IR absorption bands are interpreted with the help of corresponding experimental data. In the colorimetric reactions, the bands appear at 2 077, 1 637, 1 455, 1 015, 655 cm-1 for malathion; 2 081, 1 639, 1 316, 1 015, 794, 683 cm-1 for parathion; 2 078, 1 632, 1 032, 794 cm-1 for methyl parathion were used for quantitative or qualitative analysis. All these IR spectra were acquired by averaging 100 scans at a resolution of 4 cm-1. It is determined experimentally in the region 200～450 nm for UV-Vis absorption bands and in the region 400～4 000 cm-1 for IR absorption bands. It is concluded that the mainly optically active groups (P—OH, CO, PO, C—O—C, P—O—C, PS, —OH) present in pesticides which are responsible in change in significant data for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The various optical properties like wavelength, band energy, wave number, and frequency, also are calculated.     

分光光度法测定生药中微量元素锌

采用湿法消解样品,用０．１％ＰＡＮ「１－２（－吡啶偶氮）２－萘酚」－２０％ＯＰ（聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚）显色分光光度法测定１０种生药中微量元素锌。