提高漆酶稳定性的化学修饰方法的研究

天然漆酶在其应用条件下容易失活,因此如何提高漆酶的稳定性显得尤为重要和紧迫.以目前广泛应用的商品化漆酶DeniLite ⅡS为研究对象,采用邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)、丁二酸酐(SA)及马来酸酐(MA)对漆酶进行化学修饰,根据修饰酶的酶活和热稳定性的变化确定SA为漆酶的最佳修饰剂.采用L9(34)正交设计表研究了磷酸盐缓冲液...     

A Laccase Electrode for Organic-Phase Enzymatic Assays

Abstract

The biocatalytic activity of laccase from Coriolus hirsutus in non-aqueous environments is exploited for developing an organic-phase amperometric biosensor. The Eastman-AQ polymeric film, known for its stability in organic media, is used to entrap the enzyme onto the glassy carbon surface. The resulting electrode responds rapidly to low concentrations of catechols and hydroquinone in various alcohols. The detection limit for hydroquinone is 6×10^?7 M. Various experimental variables, influencing the response of the organic-phase biosensor, are explored. With flow injection, 60 samples per hour can be processed with a relative standard deviation of 1.3%.     

Laccase immobilized on magnetic carriers for biotechnology applications

Laccase catalyzing the oxidation of p-diphenols has been applied in many industrial and biotechnology areas. Immobilized form of laccase has overcome the problem with contamination of the final product. Nevertheless sensitive enzymes immobilized to the matrix can be inactivated by the environmental conditions. The aim of this research was to prepare carrier with improved activity and responsible stability even under extreme reaction conditions. Laccase immobilized through carbohydrate moieties on magnetic hydrazide bead cellulose with a final activity of 0.63 I.U./1 ml of settled carrier confirmed that carriers with oriented immobilized enzyme might be useful in routine biocatalytic applications.     

木素小分子愈创木基型松柏醇漆酶生物改性的光谱分析

从分子模型物的角度入手,通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、红外光谱和颗粒电荷等测试手段,综合考察了漆酶对针叶木和阔叶木中的愈创木基型木素-松柏醇生物改性的机理。松柏醇经漆酶处理后,GC-MS检测不到松柏醇单体的存在,推测松柏醇参与了化学反应,结构发生变化。GPC分析证明松柏醇漆酶处理后分子量变大,松柏醇发生了聚合。红外光谱确定了松柏醇漆酶处理过程中反应位点,主要是酚羟基、苯环上的甲氧基、苯环侧链上的双键,β碳、γ碳也有可能参与了反应。颗粒电荷测定仪(PCD)测得阳离子需求量下降了88.38%。     

红外光谱分析木质素在漆酶酶法改性中的反应性

随着非水酶学的发展,木质素的酶法催化改性得到日益广泛的运用。文章主要考察了漆酶酶法改性反相微乳液体系中云杉碱木质素、乙醇水溶液中乙醇木质素、缓冲液体系中木质素磺酸盐、以及碱溶液中汽爆麦草碱木质素的反应。通过红外光谱对各反应体系中,漆酶催化改性后的木质素结构特点进行分析,结合凝胶色谱法考察木质素的分子量及其分布,结果表明经过YY-5漆酶处理后各种木质素的分子量分布均趋向于高分子区域,且分子量分散性降低,各种木质素的红外光谱结构也发生了明显的变化。初步确定了木质素在漆酶催化改性中存在的反应位点,主要是酚羟基、苯环侧链取代基、羰基等。在四种木质素中,漆酶对碱木质素的改性反应性要高于其他类型的木质素,这可能与碱性溶液体系中漆酶的活性较高有关。     

Cascade synthesis of benzofuran derivatives via laccase oxidation-Michael addition

The cascade synthesis of benzofuran derivatives was conducted from the reaction of catechols and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds via oxidation-Michael addition in the presence of laccase and Sc(OTf)₃/SDS. This reaction was carried out under air at room temperature in aqueous medium, and provided benzofuran products in moderate to good yields. In addition, this reaction system showed recyclability.     

醇水介质中漆酶催化氧化漆酚及其类似物

本文作者在醇水介质中对漆酚及其类似物的酶催化氧化反应进行了研究。探讨了混合溶剂中漆酶的行为。结果发现邻苯二酚被烷基取代后更有利于漆酶的催化氧化。反应可能经过两个步骤,先是底物氧化生成黄色苯醌类物质,然后醌类中间物偶联形成多聚酚。     

Overproduction of Laccase and Pectinase by Microbial Associations in Solid Substrate Fermentation

The growth and the enzymatic production of two microbial fungal associations were studied: Aspergillus niger and Fusarium moniliforme and Trametes versicolor and Aspergillus niger. The synergistic interrelations between the species of the first mixed culture increased the biosynthesis of α-amylase and pectinase. T. versicolor and A. niger proved to be compatible partners in the overproduction of the enzyme laccase, whose synthesis surpassed 8.4 times the enzymatic level in the monoculture, with both of the mixed microbial populations cocultivation facilitating the amplified synthesis of enzymes rather than their growth acceleration. A further proof of the presence of synergism established by the cultures was the enzyme volumetric productivities in both of the mixed microbial cultures, which increased parallel to the rise in the combined biomass synthesis. The competent selection of compatible partners can adjust the desired enzymatic levels and compositions in mixed fungal systems aimed at a number of specified designations. Thus, a very high level of laccase production (97,600 IU/g dry weight) was achieved. The chosen fungal strains produce a variety of different enzymes, but first microbial association produces mainly amylase and pectinase, necessary for their growth, and second association produces mainly laccase and pectinase.     

Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rigidoporus lignosus</Emphasis> and its Laccase in the Presence of Redox Mediators

The metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was studied in vivo and in vitro in systems consisting of Rigidoporus lignosus and its laccase, in the presence of so-called “mediator” compounds. The static culture of the native fungal strain was able to metabolize anthracene and 2-methylanthracene, but not 9-nitroanthracene. The addition of redox mediators 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) or violuric acid (VA) led to a significant increase in the degradation of substrates. The oxidation of PAHs was not significant when purified laccase was used without the addition of mediators. The addition of these compounds increased the oxidation of all substrates by approximately 70–80% after 72 h of incubation. The degradation rate was highest for 2-methylanthracene in the presence of VA.     

Laccase-based biocathodes: Comparison of chitosan and Nafion

Chitosan and Nafion^® are both reported as interesting polymers to be integrated into the structure of 3D electrodes for biofuel cells. Their advantage is mainly related to their chemical properties, which have a positive impact on the stability of electrodes such as the laccase-based biocathode. For optimal function in implantable applications the biocathode requires coating with a biocompatible semi-permeable membrane that is designed to prevent the loss of enzyme activity and to protect the structure of the biocathode. Since such membranes are integrated into the electrodes ultimately implanted, they must be fully characterized to demonstrate that there is no interference with the performance of the electrode. In the present study, we demonstrate that chitosan provides superior stability compared with Nafion^® and should be considered as an optimum solution to enhance the biocompatibility and the stability of 3D bioelectrodes.