生物化学实验CLIL双语教学模式的实践与思考

针对高校本科生物化学课程双语教学中专业内容与英语学习脱节,教学效果欠佳等问题,构建以内容与语言的融合教学概念（Content and Language Integrated Learning,CLIL）为基础的生物化学实验课双语教学模式。CLIL实验双语教学在传统双语教学模式基础上,通过将语言及专业学科知识以具体实验教学进行有机的融合,为专业英语的学习提供有效的应用环境,将英语学习与应用同步化。在实验课上实施CLIL双语教学,通过实施实验过程中建立真实的英语场景,学生能学习并实际应用专业英语,且利用实验课上人数少、学时多的优势,与学生进行良好的英语听说互动以及写作训练,取得了较好的教学效果。CLIL双语教学在传统双语教学方式上进行改良,将实验内容与专业英语结合,可以充分调动学生学习的积极性及主动性,达到了在学习学科知识的同时提高专业英语水平的目的。     

基于网络的化学软件在生物化学实验教学中的应用

结合生物化学实验的教学特点,探讨了信息时代下ChemLab、ChembioOffice 等化学软件在生物化学实验教学中的应用,提倡将计算机软件与多媒体技术有机结合,贯穿于课前预习、操作讲解、实验设计和数据分析等整个实验教学过程,以增强教学的直观性与生动性,激发学生的实验兴趣和学习主动性,促进生物化学实验教学效果的全面提高。     

瓜环的超分子化学研究进展

总结了瓜环化学在分子组装、分子器件、生物化学、药物化学等方面的最新进展.同时,也展现了我们在瓜环化学方面进行的初步的研究.     

Sensitivity of chemical reaction networks: A structural approach. 3. Regular multimolecular systems

We present a systematic mathematical analysis of the qualitative steady‐state response to rate perturbations in large classes of reaction networks. This includes multimolecular reactions and allows for catalysis, enzymatic reactions, multiple reaction products, nonmonotone rate functions, and non‐closed autonomous systems. Our structural sensitivity analysis is based on the stoichiometry of the reaction network, only. It does not require numerical data on reaction rates. Instead, we impose mild and generic nondegeneracy conditions of algebraic type. From the structural data, only, we derive which steady‐state concentrations are sensitive to, and hence influenced by, changes of any particular reaction rate—and which are not. We also establish transitivity properties for influences involving rate perturbations. This allows us to derive an influence graph which globally summarizes the influence pattern of any given network. The influence graph allows the computational, but meaningful, automatic identification of functional subunits in general networks, which hierarchically influence each other. We illustrate our results for several variants of the glycolytic citric acid cycle. Biological applications include enzyme knockout experiments and metabolic control.     

Extrudate snacks from rice flour and oyster mushroom powder: Physico-chemical and functional properties characterization and storability evaluation

Ready-to-eat extrudate was prepared from the blend of rice flour and oyster mushroom powder. Process parameters for development of snack were screw speed of 250–350 ​rev/min, feed moisture content of 15–25% (d.b.) and the percentage of oyster mushroom powder in rice flour was maintained in the range of 5–15%. Response surface methodology with the central composite rotatable design was used for the study. The effects of process parameters on the physico-chemical and functional properties were analyzed. It was observed that the screw speed of 330 ​rev/min, feed moisture content of 20% and the percentage of mushroom powder in rice flour of 6.6% gave the most acceptable quality product. The storability of the developed product was checked in three packaging materials, viz. polypropylene (PP), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and metalized propylene (MPP) pouches for three months and it was recommended to store the rice flour-mushroom extruded snack in MPP pouches for better retention of quality. The contemporary work on extrudate snacks from the blend of rice flour and oyster mushroom powder is a good piece of work quite useful for industry dealing with ready-to-eat extrudate products.     

毛细管电泳-电化学检测法测定饲料中的磺胺类药物

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法(CE-ED),对饲料中的6种磺胺类药物磺胺脒、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑进行了分离和测定。分别考察了工作电极电位、运行缓冲液的pH和浓度、分离电压和进样时间等实验参数对实验结果的影响。在优化的实验条件下,以直径300μm的碳圆盘电极为工作电极,检测电位为0.95 V(vs.SCE),在30 mmol/L硼砂-KH2PO4(pH7.6)的运行缓冲溶液中,6个分析物能够在16 min内实现很好的基线分离,被测物浓度与峰电流在3个数量级呈良好的线性,检出限(S/N=3)范围0.08～0.20μg/mL。该方法已应用于实际样品的分析。     

Development of a matrix solid-phase dispersion method for the simultaneous determination of pyrethroid and organochlorinated pesticides in cattle feed

A matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) method was developed for the simultaneous extraction of 36 common pesticides and breakdown products (mostly pyrethroids and organochlorines) in cattle feed. Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency (such as dispersing phase, clean-up adsorbent and elution volume) were investigated. The experimental procedure was optimized using a multivariate statistical approach and the final analyses were carried out by GC-muECD. Several protocols for extract purification were also studied. As far as we know, this is the first application of MSPD for the extraction of most of the target pesticides from animal feed. Using the optimized extraction conditions, the method was validated in terms of accuracy, and precision (within-a-day and among-days), using a certified reference material (CRM 115) as well as spiked cattle feedingstuffs at different concentration levels. A matrix effect study was also carried out using various real samples. The recoveries were satisfactory (>75% in most cases) and the quantification limits, at the sub-ngg(-1) or low-ngg(-1) level, complied with the regulated maximum residue levels (MRLs) in animal feed and in main crops used in the preparation of cattle feeding materials. Finally, the MSPD-GC-muECD methodology was applied to the analysis of real cattle feed samples collected in farms of dairy cattle from NW Spain.     

Pressurized System and Microwave-Assisted Extraction for Rapid Analysis of Fiber in Animal Feedstuffs

Abstract

A pressurized system under microwave radiation and filter bags to contain the samples was proposed as an alternative to Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) determination in animal feed. After optimization by a 2³ factorial design, the procedure was applied to nine forage and cereal bran with different amounts of starch (supplied by proficiency testing at various nutrition laboratories). Recoveries from 93 to 110% (0.7 to 7.4 RSD) were obtained. The proposed system allows the NDF simultaneous extraction from 18 samples, increasing the samples throughput from 6 or 40 day^?1 to approximately 280 day^?1, with low consumption of energy and reagents, producing low amounts of residue.     

CRISPR Mediated Biosensing Toward Understanding Cellular Biology and Point-of-Care Diagnosis

Recent advances in CRISPR based biotechnologies have greatly expanded our capabilities to repurpose CRISPR for the development of biomolecular sensors for diagnosing diseases and understanding cellular pathways. The key attribute that allows CRISPR to be widely utilized is the programmable and highly selective mechanism. In this Minireview, we first illustrate the molecular principle of CRISPR functioning process from sensing to actuating. Next, the CRISPR based biosensing strategies for nucleic acids, proteins and small molecules are summarized. We highlight some of recent advances in applications for in vitro detection of biomolecules and in vivo imaging of cellular networks. Finally, the challenges with, and exciting prospects of, CRISPR based biosensing developments are discussed.