射线面阵探测器成像系统校正研究

基于线性、移不变理论,对射线面阵探测器成像的特性和系统成像所呈现出亮度不均匀的原因进行分析研究.通过分析线性系统成立的假设条件,给出了对实际成像中各像元点阵的偏置、灵敏度进行逐点校正的公式.在实验室,对基于PaxScan2520 面阵探测器的成像系统进行成像校正研究,取得了满意的效果,噪声得到有效的抑制,成像的不一致性得到改善.当检测较厚工件或工件厚度变化较大时,系统成像超出其线性范围,给出了二次校正的方法和公式,也取得了满意的效果.     

Full-Energy peak efficiency of an NaI(Tl) detector with coincidence summing correction showing the effect of the source-to-detector distance

The coincidence summing effect is considered to be one of the most important problems in γ-ray spectrometry. It has played an important role in the detector calibration process, especially at low source-to-detector distances, which are the typical conditions when the environmental samples have to be measured. In this work, the γ–γ coincidence summing correction factors (CSCF) for a 3″×?3″ NaI(Tl) γ-ray detector have been calculated at different distances from the detector end cap. These factors with NaI(Tl) γ-ray detectors have rarely been discussed in the previous literature, due to the lack of the separation process of the close gamma energy lines in the scintillation detector spectrum. The γ–γ CSCF were calculated for ⁶⁰Co, ¹³³Ba and ¹⁵²Eu radioactive point sources, which show the simple and the complex decay scheme of several radionuclides. In order to obtain the CSCF, the following parameters must be estimated by the numerical simulation method (NSM): the total efficiency (ε_T), the full-energy peak efficiency (ε_P) and the effective solid angle (Ω_eff). These parameters were calculated numerically depending on the direct mathematical method and efficiency transfer method. The obtained CSCF was used to correct the measured efficiency curves, which were measured at different distances, then compared to the ETNA and EFFTRAN programs, as well as the CSCF. The results show a good agreement, especially at large source-to-detector distances.     

CO adsorption energies on metals with correction for high coordination adsorption sites - A density functional study

We investigate the accuracy of carbon monoxide adsorption energies and site preferences for the metals Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, Ir, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, W, and Zn using the RPBE functional with a recently suggested empirical adsorption energy correction for carbon monoxide based on the internal CO stretch vibrational frequency. We find that when including the correction, the adsorption site preference for six of the metals changes, and all adsorption site predictions become accurate. We also collect a large number of experimental studies for comparison with our calculated adsorption energies. The mean absolute deviation including the correction is found to be less than 0.2 eV, showing that the RPBE functional gives a much better quantitative agreement between experiments and calculations than the PW91 functional.     

Investigation into sorption processes in the anodic stripping voltammetric speciation of Cu in natural waters

In the anodic stripping voltammetric speciation of copper significant errors may be introduced as a result of sorption of Cu²⁺ onto active surfaces of the voltammetric cell assembly. A correction method was developed based on monitoring of the total copper concentration in solution using a -radiotracer; additionally this allowed us to study sorption phenomena in the voltammetric cell assembly.For copper speciation in a fresh water sorption-corrected complexing capacity data (total natural ligand concentration and conditional stability constant of formed complex) showed considerable discrepancies with uncorrected data. From the same sorption data it could be deducted that this was accountable to the presence of two active surface sites in the voltammetric cell assembly.     

大气CO2卫星遥感中植物叶绿素荧光影响的校正

大气CO₂卫星遥感监测的关键在于高精度,而植物叶绿素荧光存在与大气散射相似的光谱特征,干扰大气散射相关参数的反演结果,从而影响CO₂的反演精度。因植物叶绿素荧光强度微弱且影响特征与大气散射高度相关而难以准确校正。鉴于现有大气CO₂卫星遥感精度不足,以及植物叶绿素荧光对大气CO₂反演存在不可忽视的影响程度和复杂性,设计了O₂-A、1.6和2.06 μm CO₂三个光谱带协同的参数化校正方法。首先通过对大气散射采取基于光子路径长度概率密度函数（PPDF）的参数化建模,降低叶绿素荧光与大气散射参数的光谱相关性;其次,针对叶绿素荧光强度弱,难以准确反演的问题,基于轨道碳观测器（OCO-2）的叶绿素荧光产品构建了5km分辨率的全球叶绿素荧光先验信息库,增强CO₂与叶绿素荧光同步反演中对叶绿素荧光的先验约束,提高叶绿素荧光的反演精度。通过O₂-A、1.6和2.06 μm CO₂三个光谱带的协同同时反演大气散射、叶绿素荧光和大气CO₂,并结合叶绿素荧光丰富的先验信息,能够较准确剥离大气散射和叶绿素荧光而提高大气CO₂的反演精度。选择叶绿素荧光强度明显较高的柱总碳观测网络（TCCON）中的Park Falls（45.945°N,90.273°W）站点开展验证,对该站点近4年每年8月份的温室气体观测卫星（GOSAT）数据进行反演,发现植被叶绿素荧光导致GOSAT XCO₂反演结果系统偏低2×10-6(ppm)左右,通过本文的方法进行校正,反演结果的低估程度有明显改善,最大低估由2.58 ppm降低到1.49 ppm,且离散程度也有一定程度的改善,明显控制了CO₂反演中叶绿素荧光的影响,对于实现1%（~4 ppm）的CO₂反演精度来说,提供了有力支撑。     

核酸检测的校正在二氧化硅吸附等温线中的应用

利用在高盐环境下氧化硅微球表面对核酸的选择性吸附分离纯化核酸已成为一种较为普遍的核酸固相提取方法,简单准确地测量高盐溶液中的核酸浓度,是研究DNA吸附性能的关键.通过制作标准曲线的方法, 校正含高浓度盐溶液中的DNA浓度,计算得到校正系数k,提出了一种检测SiO2对DNA单位吸附量的简便方法--参比法.与传统方法相比,此方法不须脱盐纯化即可方便地绘制出了SiO2微球对鲑鱼精DNA的吸附等温线,为DNA吸附载体的研究奠定了方法学基础.     

溴代苯基荧光酮分光光度法同时测定人体血浆中的痕量锗和锌

研究了在溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)的存在下, 溴代苯基荧光酮(BPF)与锗和锌反应分别形成稳定的络合物, 可用来同时测定Ge4 和Zn2 . 锗和锌络合物的最大吸收波长分别在540和565 nm处, 摩尔吸光系数分别为1.66×105和 4.35×104 L·mol-1·cm-1. 并利用k系数法进行校正避免Ge4 和Zn2 之间的干扰, 用于人体血浆中锗、锌的测定.     

智能眼镜影像系统宽光谱广角度分光膜的研制

依据光学薄膜理论,建立膜系优化评价函数,利用软件优化膜系,实现0°~75°入射宽光谱P光分光膜的设计.选择H4和MgF2作为高低折射率材料,采用电子束及离子辅助沉积技术,来制备该分光膜.通过对膜层厚度误差分析,用晶控片单独控制相对敏感度较高的膜层,解决了薄膜制备过程中不能精确控制膜厚误差的问题.运用逆向分析法对实验测试结果进行模拟分析,通过改变膜厚修正因子,使P光透射光谱曲线更加平滑.光谱测试表明P光垂直入射平均透过率为60.3%,满足系统使用要求.     

平面镜反射率的标定及修正

 研究了用同步辐射源标定软X光掠入射平面镜的反射率。实验采用北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)-3W1B束线及反射率计靶室,在50~1 500 eV能区,做了C,Si,Ni和Au材料平面镜在1°~7°掠射角下的反射率标定曲线。由于3W1B束线的单色器采用变间距光栅作色散元件,光栅分光必然存在高次谐波,高次谐波严重影响光源的单色性,从而给平面镜的反射率标定值带来误差。前置滤片虽然能有效抵制高次谐波,但不能完全消除高次谐波。为此,利用透射光栅对光源做了单色性研究,给出高次谐波在不同能区所占光源强度的比例,从而对平面镜反射率标定值做出修正。     

激光诱导击穿光谱自吸收效应校正方法的研究进展

激光诱导击穿光谱作为一种新型的物质成分检测技术,具有快速、实时、微损、原位、多元素同时分析等优势,目前在环境监测,食品安全,选矿冶金,生物医疗,太空探测等多个领域都具有广泛应用。然而,由于元素谱线的自吸收效应,使得激光诱导击穿光谱谱线强度降低,严重时甚至会使特征谱线峰型产生凹陷(即"自蚀"现象),定标曲线变弯曲,导致该技术的元素检测精准度变差,从而无法实现大规模商业应用。因此,对激光诱导击穿光谱自吸收效应及其校正方法的探索,一直以来是学者们研究的热点。综述了自吸收效应校正方法的研究进展,分析了自吸收效应产生的物理机制,分别从实验参数优化、物理辅助装置、自吸收模型和校正算法等多个角度对自吸收效应的几种主要校正方法进行了归纳和总结,并对其优势和缺点进行了对比分析,其中实验参数优化具有原理简单、易操作的优势;能态选择性共振激发自吸收效应抑制效果稳定;微波辅助激发成本较低,可同时对多元素实现自吸收抑制;自吸收系数法可直接量化自吸收效应强弱,计算步骤简便且所需等离子体参数较少;基于内参考线的自吸收校正算法计算效率高,校正效果明显;光学薄法可直接获取光学薄等离子体谱线,避免理论误差。最后,对自吸收...