数值模拟激光加载L_2铝板材高速成形瞬态响应

采用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件对激光加载L2铝板材高速成形进行数值模拟,研究了单脉冲激光冲击下成形的瞬态响应过程,获得了激光加载冲击成形过程中位移、速度、应变及应变率等特征量的变化特点.模拟表明,冲击后靶材中心区域发生明显塑性变形,变形截面呈锥形.高速成形过程中,金属板材首先发生振荡幅度非常大的快速弹性变形,其后进入减幅振荡直至静态,激光冲击成形时间在毫秒量级.板材不同节点的位移变化趋势相同,靠近中心区域位移大,边界区域位移小.成形中板材的中心区域速度最大达3 700m/s,变形过程前2μs内应变率急剧变化,最大达104~105 s-1量级.     

High strain rate response of rubber membranes

This paper investigates the propagation of axisymmetric waves of finite deformation in polyisoprene rubber membranes subjected to high speed impact. High speed photography is used to monitor the motion and to determine the evolution of stretch and particle velocity in membranes at impact speeds of up to 160 m/s, producing a maximum stretch >8. A constitutive model is developed through a semi-inverse method correlating experimental results with simulations. The potential for formation of wrinkles is also addressed.     

The characteristic finite difference streamline diffusion method for convection-dominated diffusion problems

In this paper, we consider the characteristic finite difference streamline diffusion method for two-dimensional convection-dominated diffusion problems. The scheme is combined the method of characteristics with the finite difference streamline diffusion (FDSD) method to create the characteristic FDSD (C-FDSD) procedures. Stability analysis and error estimate of the C-FDSD method are deduced. The scheme not only realizes the purpose of lowering the time-truncation error, using larger time step for solving the convection-dominated diffusion problems, but also keeps the favorable stability and high precision of the FDSD method. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the availability of the scheme.     

石油污染地下水中铁氧化菌的筛选及其除铁效果

采用某油田污染场地石油降解菌——W2、W6、W9、W10,进行铁氧化菌的筛选。其中W9和W10对TFe去除率达90%。两株菌在24h内把Fe²⁺氧化成Fe²⁺,5d完成对TFe的去除;W9为革兰氏阴性杆菌,W10为革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌。     

Numerical solution of an optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs

This paper mainly concerns the numerical solution of a nonlinear parabolic double obstacle problem arising in a finite-horizon optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs. The problem is initially posed in terms of an evolutive HJB equation with gradient constraints and the properties of the utility function allow to obtain the optimal investment solution from a nonlinear problem posed in one spatial variable. The proposed numerical methods mainly consist of a localization procedure to pose the problem on a bounded domain, a characteristics method for time discretization to deal with the large gradients of the solution, a Newton algorithm to solve the nonlinear term in the governing equation and a projected relaxation scheme to cope with the double obstacle (free boundary) feature. Moreover, piecewise linear Lagrange finite elements for spatial discretization are considered. Numerical results illustrate the performance of the set of numerical techniques by recovering all qualitative properties proved in Dai and Yi (2009) [6].     

四川泸定县泥石流灾害成因、特征与防治建议

泸定县地处川西高原与四川盆地的过渡地带,地质环境条件复杂,分布泥石流沟127条,发育密度054条·10km-2。在遥感解译和地面调查基础上,论述了泸定县泥石流灾害成因、发生特征、危害和发展趋势,提出了相关防治建议。(1)成因表现为复杂的断裂构造导致流域内松散物源丰富,较大的相对高差提供了良好势能条件,而汛期集中强降雨则提供了动能条件,且雨量条件中当日雨量与前期有效降雨量之间具有幂函数关系; (2)发生特征表现出典型的空间群发性(包括2005-06-30群发性泥石流、2005-08-11群发性泥石流和2006-07-14群发性泥石流)与时间的夜发性; (3)危害方式主要包括淤埋、冲毁、侵蚀、堵河4种,泥石流已造成74人死亡; (4)发展趋势表现为泥石流沟多处于形成期和发展期(113条,占89%),发生的年际准周期由20a缩短至不足10a,且发生条(次)由4条(次)增加至44条次(2005年); (5)泸定县泥石流防治的突出问题表现为城镇泥石流问题、泥石流堵塞主河问题、风景区泥石流问题与冲沟泥石流问题,建议通过科学规划、风险防御体系构建、土木工程治理、监测预警等措施予以防御。     

一维泥石流的静动力阻力特征研究及数值模拟

泥石流是山区多发的一种地质灾害,它的发生和发展威胁着人们的生命和财产安全,影响着人们的正常生活,因而需要加强对其发生和发展过程的研究。结合泥石流的动力模型方程采用数值模拟方法再现泥石流发生和发展的过程,是研究和预测模拟泥石流灾害的有效手段。目前的动力模型方程大多只关注动力过程,却忽视了静动力过程的统一,这将导致在一些情况下产生错误的结果。本文研究了一维泥石流的静动力阻力特征,通过修正泥石流动力学方程的阻力项,得到了具有静动力统一特征的模型方程。并以Roe格式的近似Riemann解为基础,采用MUSCL线性重构方法建立了具有较高精度和分辨率的有限体积数值求解。具体算例的数值验证表明,方程阻力项的修正是合理的,所建立的数值求解也是稳定和有效的。     

含氧化合物的红外光谱特征

总结了含氧化合物的主要红外光谱特征,讨论了其红外特征与结构之间的规律,结果表明,所有含氧化合物,无论是有机物还是无机物,其红外活性都是很大的,表现为强宽的吸收峰,这为判定化合物是否含氧提供了有力的分析检测依据。     

左手材料阶跃型光纤的模场特性

从Maxwell方程组出发,讨论纤芯为左手材料,包层为右手材料阶跃型光纤,推导了矢量解的场方程.经过数学计算,求得了左手材料阶跃型光纤矢量解的特征方程.根据矢量模的分类,找到了TE模、TM模、HE模和EH模的特征方程.根据各模的特征方程,并且与右手材料光纤相关的特征方程,在靠近截止和远离截止两种情况下进行了比较,得到了左手材料光纤的某些奇异特性.     

一类线性抛物型方程组的特征有限元方法

本文应用特征有限元方法处理一类一维有界区域上的抛物型方程组,由于是第一类边界条件,对对流项系数作出假设,则避免了处理区域外的情况,最后给出收敛性定理.从误差结果看出,应用特征有限元可以增加时间步长,而不降低精度,数值实验也证实了这一点.