In-situ observation of the combustion of air-dried and wet Victorian brown coal

This work investigates the fundamental and practical implications of the application of drying technologies to Victorian brown coal combustion. The base case of 60% moisture content coal preheated prior to combustion is compared with partially dried coal (with or without pre-heating) and coal dried to equilibrium moisture content (10–15%). Pulverised coal was combusted in a drop tube furnace and in-situ observations of combustion phenomena, particle temperature and gas temperature were made. An ignition delay was found to occur when partially dried coal was combusted without pre-heating. Flame stability was also decreased when wet coal was combusted without pre-heating. No ignition delay was observed when the water in coal was heated prior to entering the furnace, as in current boilers. The peak particle temperature was found to be higher than the wall temperature by around 130 °C for dried coal, 80 °C for preheated wet coal and 40 °C for non-preheated partially dried coal. The gas temperature profile in the furnace was measured and found to lag behind the particle temperature peak. It was concluded that the evolution and evaporation of water in the wet case lead to an ignition delay, cooler peak particle temperatures and prolonged char combustion. The difference in particle temperatures between preheated wet coal and dried coal and the gas temperature behaviour was attributed to the steam gasification reaction, although studies to elucidate reasons for the differences are ongoing. The quantified results on ignition delay and particle temperatures have important implications for the design of new technologies, in particular the boilers and feed size preparation, for power generation from high-moisture brown coals.     

Magnetic properties of linear trimers in fluoride analogs of tetragonal tungsten bronze

The compounds KZnTiF₆, KZnVF₆, KVScF₆, KCrScF₆, and KMnScF₆ are fluoride analogs of Tetragonal Tungsten Bronze. M²⁺-M³⁺ ionic ordering in these fluorides provided systems which contained linear trinuclear complexes of their respective paramagnetic ions. Magnetic coupling within these linear trimers occurred below 100 K in each of the five systems. Derived magnetic susceptibility equations were fitted to observed magnetic susceptibilities for each of the possible spin systems: KZnTiF₆ (S=1/2), J/k=−114 K; KZnVF₆ (S=1), J/k=−39 K; KVScF₆ (S=3/2), J/k=−16 K; KCrScF₆ (S=2), J/k=−4 K; and KMnScF₆ (S=5/2), J/k=−7.5 K.     

Highly Stable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Storage Using a Layered Calcium Vanadium Oxide Bronze Cathode

Cost‐effective aqueous rechargeable batteries are attractive alternatives to non‐aqueous cells for stationary grid energy storage. Among different aqueous cells, zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs), based on Zn²⁺ intercalation chemistry, stand out as they can employ high‐capacity Zn metal as the anode material. Herein, we report a layered calcium vanadium oxide bronze as the cathode material for aqueous Zn batteries. For the storage of the Zn²⁺ ions in the aqueous electrolyte, we demonstrate that the calcium‐based bronze structure can deliver a high capacity of 340 mA h g^?1 at 0.2 C, good rate capability, and very long cycling life (96 % retention after 3000 cycles at 80 C). Further, we investigate the Zn²⁺ storage mechanism, and the corresponding electrochemical kinetics in this bronze cathode. Finally, we show that our Zn cell delivers an energy density of 267 W h kg^?1 at a power density of 53.4 W kg^?1.     

古代铜矿冶炼过程中稀土元素的变化研究

主要研究稀土元素在铜矿冶炼过程中的变化规律及其在冶金考古中的潜在应用。实验采用电感藕合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测试了湖北铜绿山、宁夏照壁山、山西中条山和内蒙古林西大井古代矿冶遗址的铜矿石，炼渣和铜锭的稀土元素含量，通过对其稀土总量和稀土配分模式的对比研究，探讨了稀土元素在古代铜矿冶炼过程中的化学行为。结果发现稀土元素在铜矿冶炼过程主要富集在炼渣中，金属铜中的稀土元素含量很低。因此，要想根据青铜器中的稀土元素特征示踪铜料来源，是很难实现的。通过对比各矿冶遗址的铜矿石、炼渣和铜锭的稀土配分曲线，发现炼渣的稀土配分曲线为判断古代所使用的冶炼技术及铜矿石的输出路线提供了可能。     

Electrochemical studies of the interaction of Basic Brown G with DNA and determination of DNA

A new method of electrochemical probe has been proposed for the determination of Herring Sperm DNA (DNA) based on its interaction with Basic Brown G (BBG). The electrochemical behavior of interaction of BBG with DNA was investigated on Hg electrode. In 0.1 mol L⁻¹ NH₃-NH₄Cl buffer solution (pH 8.0), BBG can be reduced on Hg electrode with a well-defined voltammetric peak at −0.67 V (versus SCE). In the presence of DNA, the reduction peak current of BBG decreases and the peak potential shifts to a more positive potential without the appearance of new peak. The study shows that a new BBG-DNA complex is formed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and spectrophotometry. The decrease of the second order derivative of reductive peak current (Δi^″p) of BBG is proportional to the concentration of DNA in the range of 0.10-36 μg mL⁻¹. Limit of detection of DNA is 0.04 μg mL⁻¹. DNA of Hepatitis B Virus in serum samples was determined satisfactorily. Additionally, the binding mechanism was preliminarily discussed. The mode of interaction between BBG and DNA was found to be intercalation binding.     

铯钨青铜的合成及其对甘油脱水制丙烯醛的催化性能

以仲钨酸铵、硝酸铯为原料,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为模板剂和还原剂,采用水热法合成了铯钨青铜,考察了EDTA用量、水热前驱液浓度、铯钨比等条件对水热产物组成及形貌的影响,并以所得产物为催化剂在固定床反应器中进行甘油脱水制丙烯醛的反应研究,发现铯含量对催化性能有较大影响,在Cs/W摩尔比为0. 2∶1时催化性能最好,甘油转化率达到81. 3%,丙烯醛的选择性达到92. 9%。     

GARCH模型参数变化的残量检验

本文研究GARCH模型参数变化的检验问题. 给出残量累积和统计量, 在原假设下得到了统计量的极限分布; 模拟结果表明残量检验可以弥补Kim, Cho和Lee (2000)\ucite{1}提出的平方累积和检验的某些不足, 比如经验势函数值过低的问题.     

A New Sesquiterpene-substituted Benzoic Acid from the Brown Alga Dictyopteris divaricata

A new sesquiterpene-substituted benzoic acid has been isolated from the brown Alga Dictyopteris divaricata Okam.Its structure was elucidated as 3-[(2-hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyldecahydro-1-naphthalenyl)methyl]-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, named dictyvaric acid on the basis of spectroscopic methods including IR, HRFABMS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques.     

A Method Based on FBM Self similar Image Model for Digital Hologram SynthesisSupported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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俾士麦棕与核酸相互作用的吸收光谱行为

利用分光光度法研究了俾士麦棕与核酸的结合作用。当pH在6．9—7．6时,体系在446nm处有最大吸收峰,且在室温下2min达到稳定且吸光度在3h之内保持不变。在最佳显色条件下,小牛胸腺脱氧核糖核酸（et DNA）和鲱鱼脱氧核糖核酸（fs DNA）的线性范围分别为0．1—18mg／L和0．1～28mg／L;检出限分别为0．019mg／L和0．028mg／L。采用摩尔比法和Rosenthanl作图法测定了俾士麦棕与核酸的结合数,且利用Rosenthanl作图法获得了俾士麦棕与核酸的结合常数。两种方法所得结合数基本一致,即核酸分子中的一个核苷酸可与3个染料分子结合。该方法灵敏度高,稳定性好,操作简便,重现性好以及抗干扰能力强,用于合成样品的分析,回收率在95．2％-102％之间;相对标准偏差低于4．9％,结果令人满意。