The Almost Split Sequences for Trivial Extensions of Hereditary Algebras

Let A be a basic hereditary artin algebra and R = A Q be the trivial extension of A by its minimal injective cogenerator Q. We construct some right （left） almost split morphisms and irreducible morphisms in modR through the corresponding morphisms in modA. Furthermore, we can determine its almost split sequences in modR.     

稀土化合物TbCl3对成骨细胞系MC3T3-E1增殖、分化和矿化功能的影响

在细胞和分子水平上,研究了稀土化合物氯化铽(TbCl₃)对成骨细胞MC3T3-E1增殖、分化及矿化功能的影响。结果表明,细胞水平上,浓度为0.0001、0.001、0.01、0.1、1和10 μmol·L^-1的TbCl₃均促进MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖、分化及其矿化功能,然而,当浓度升至为100和1000 μmol·L^-1时,TbCl₃表现出抑制作用。分子水平上,浓度为0.0001和0.1 μmol·L^-1的TbCl₃明显上调成骨分化相关基因骨形成蛋白2(BMP-2),碱性磷酸酶(ALP),骨涎蛋白(BSP),Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col Ⅰ),骨钙素(OCN)和runt 相关转录因子2(Runx2)的表达。浓度为1 000 μmol·L^-1的TbCl₃则抑制上述成骨分化相关基因的表达。浓度为0.000 1、0.1和1 μmol·L^-1的TbCl₃促进成骨分化相关蛋白Runx2,BMP-2和OCN的表达;结果显示,低浓度的TbCl₃促进MC3T3-E1细胞的成骨分化及矿化功能,而高浓度TbCl₃则呈现出抑制作用。TbCl₃通过调控Runx2的表达刺激早期成骨分化相关基因BMP-2、Col Ⅰ和晚期成骨分化相关基因ALP、OCN的表达,从而诱导MC3T3-E1成骨分化。     

基于上转换纳米粒子的低损伤神经界面技术

Optogenetics is a neuromodulation technology that combines light control technology with genetic technology, thus allowing the selective activation and inhibition of the electrical activity in specific types of neurons with millisecond time resolution. Over the past several years, optogenetics has become a powerful tool for understanding the organization and functions of neural circuits, and it holds great promise to treat neurological disorders. To date, the excitation wavelengths of commonly employed opsins in optogenetics are located in the visible spectrum. This poses a serious limitation for neural activity regulation because the intense absorption and scattering of visible light by tissues lead to the loss of excitation light energy and also cause tissue heating. To regulate the activity of neurons in deep brain regions, it is necessary to implant optical fibers or optoelectronic devices into target brain areas, which however can induce severe tissue damage. Non- or minimally-invasive remote control technologies that can manipulate neural activity have been highly desirable in neuroscience research. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can emit light with a short wavelength and high frequency upon excitation by light with a long wavelength and low frequency. Therefore, UCNPs can convert low-frequency near-infrared (NIR) light into high-frequency visible light for the activation of light-sensitive proteins, thus indirectly realizing the NIR optogenetic system. Because NIR light has a large tissue penetration depth, UCNP-mediated optogenetics has attracted significant interest for deep-tissue neuromodulation. However, in UCNP-mediated in vivo optogenetic experiments, as the up-conversion efficiency of UCNPs is low, it is generally necessary to apply high-power NIR light to obtain up-converted fluorescence with energy high enough to activate a photosensitive protein. High-power NIR light can cause thermal damage to tissues, which seriously restricts the applications of UCNPs in optogenetic technology. Therefore, the exploration of strategies to increase the up-conversion efficiency, fluorescence intensity, and biocompatibility of UCNPs is of great significance to their wide applications in optogenetic systems. This review summarizes recent developments and challenges in UCNP-mediated optogenetics for deep-brain neuromodulation. We firstly discuss the correspondence between the parameters of UCNPs and employed opsins in optogenetic experiments, which mainly include excitation wavelengths, emission wavelengths, and luminescent lifetimes. Thereafter, we introduce the methods to enhance the conversion efficiency of UCNPs, including optimizing the structure of UCNPs and modifying the organic dyes in UCNPs. In addition, we also discuss the future opportunities in combining UCNP-mediated optogenetics with flexible microelectrode technology for the long-term detection and regulation of neural activity in the case of minimal injury.     

超声弹性成像参数联合血清MK和VEGF对分化型甲状腺癌的诊断价值及与肿瘤恶性程度关系研究

本研究选取了分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)患者106例为甲状腺癌组,同期106例甲状腺腺瘤患者为甲状腺腺瘤组,检测比较了两组患者的超声弹性成像参数(弹性比值、蓝色面积比值)、血清中期因子(midkine,MK)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平.研究结果发现,弹性比值、蓝色面积比值、血清MK和VEGF水平与DTC患者淋巴结转...     

湖北钉螺指名亚种一输入性扩散事件的群体遗传学

2017年南昌市滨江公园赣江江滩发现大面积钉螺滋生,此为市区内首次。为追溯该种群的输入来源,本研究根据湖北钉螺采样点的地理分布进行分组,测定湖北钉螺线粒体12S rRNA、16S rRNA及CO1基因,并结合GenBank数据库中已上传序列,统计分析遗传分化系数（Fst）、基因流（Nm）等群体遗传学参数,构建单倍型网络图。基于CO1基因及12S rRNA、16S rRNA、CO1三者联合基因的结果表明来自滨江公园的湖北钉螺种群与来自武汉的湖北钉螺种群遗传背景相似;但和12S rRNA、16S rRNA基因单独分析的结果存在差异可能由于其组内样本量较少导致。各基因构建的单倍型网络图均显示:湖北钉螺滨江公园种群与武汉种群的单倍型间有直接演化关系。本研究从分子种群遗传学层面初步证实了"南昌市滨江公园输入性湖北钉螺群体可能由移栽自武汉市黄陂区的景观芦苇携带而来"的流行病学调查结果,同时表明线粒体CO1基因能够提供较丰富的信息以追溯湖北钉螺未知群体的来源。     

快凝Pd82Si18合金原子团簇的演化特性及遗传机制

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟计算,对Pd82Si18合金快凝过程中基本原子团簇的遗传特性、演化趋势和结构稳定性进行了研究.团簇类型指数法(CTIM)分析表明:非晶固体中Si原子为中心的(102/14418/1551)双帽阿基米德反棱柱(BSAP)团簇数目占据优势.快凝过程中,BSAP结构团簇具有最大的遗传分数,并且其他以Si原子为中心的Kasper团簇大多都会向BSAP结构团簇转变.通过对Si原子为中心的Kasper基本团簇电子性质第一性原理计算发现,体系中BSAP团簇的结合能最低,结构稳定性较高,与分子动力学计算结果一致.     

癌细胞的分化程度与镁的相关性

我们通过对186例消化道癌(喉、食道、贲门、胃、大肠),15例肺癌的癌组织中Zn、Mg等8种元素的测定,发现:癌细胞的分化程度(癌的恶性程度越高,其细胞分化就越差)只与Mg的含量有相关性,而与其它元素没有相关性.Mg的湿基中位数(μg/g)(下同)为:中分化:86, 低分化:126,未分化:173.r=0.999,样本数(n)分别为:163,102,41;高分化样本数很少(n=5).实验证明,用癌组织中Mg的含量来确定癌细胞的分化程度,常使病理学诊断中所遇到的某些疑难问题获得满意的解决.     

水稻锌营养基因型差异的研究

综述了水稻Zn营养的基因型差异，并从水稻根系的形态特征、水稻根系的生理特性、对HCO^-耐性的差异、对养分吸收、运转和维持体内养分平衡的差异几方面探讨了水稻Zn营养基因型差异的生理基础，总结了水稻Zn营养的遗传特性和筛选方法。     

生物芯片国家分中心落户烟台

通过遗传基因检测判断一个人此生将患何种疾病,从而提前干预治疗,这种先进的生物技术来到了我们身边。6月24日上午,生物芯片北京国家工程研究中心烟台分中心签约仪式在毓璜顶医院隆重举行。该中心是目前全国仅有的四家分中心之一,也是华东地区唯一的分中心。     

一种基于遗传算法的肽/蛋白质结合模式虚拟筛选建模技术

“合理”QSAR模型是指在了解配体与受体相互作用模式的前提下建立定量构效关系, 这样避开了传统做法仅仅依靠样本集分子自身信息来构建预测模型的诸多弊端. 本文将此思想应用于肽/蛋白质亲和活性的研究当中, 借助于遗传算法作为虚拟受体结合靶点及相互作用模式的筛选手段得到了一种新的建模技术: 肽/蛋白质结合模式遗传虚拟筛选(genetic virtual screening of combinative mode for peptide/protein, GVSC). 该法成功解决了“合理”QSAR研究中的难题, 即大多数情况下受体结构未知而难以了解配基与之发生的结合方式. 分别使用58个血管紧张素转化酶, 18个Camel抗体蛋白cAb-lys3双位点突变残基对GVSC加以检验, 其结果表明GVSC能够较好地阐明配基与受体之间的作用机理, 并能得到优于传统方法的QSAR模型.