Effects of wing deformation on aerodynamic performance of a revolving insect wing

Flexible wings of insects and bio-inspired micro air vehicles generally deform remarkably during flapping flight owing to aerodynamic and inertial forces,which is of highly nonlinear fluid-structure interaction（FSI）problems.To elucidate the novel mechanisms associated with flexible wing aerodynamics in the low Reynolds number regime,we have built up a FSI model of a hawkmoth wing undergoing revolving and made an investigation on the effects of flexible wing deformation on aerodynamic performance of the revolving wing model.To take into account the characteristics of flapping wing kinematics we designed a kinematic model for the revolving wing in two-fold：acceleration and steady rotation,which are based on hovering wing kinematics of hawkmoth,Manduca sexta.Our results show that both aerodynamic and inertial forces demonstrate a pronounced increase during acceleration phase,which results in a significant wing deformation.While the aerodynamic force turns to reduce after the wing acceleration terminates due to the burst and detachment of leading-edge vortices（LEVs）,the dynamic wing deformation seem to delay the burst of LEVs and hence to augment the aerodynamic force during and even after the acceleration.During the phase of steady rotation,the flexible wing model generates more ver-tical force at higher angles of attack（40°–60°）but less horizontal force than those of a rigid wing model.This is because the wing twist in spanwise owing to aerodynamic forces results in a reduction in the effective angle of attack at wing tip,which leads to enhancing the aerodynamics performance by increasing the vertical force while reducing the horizontal force.Moreover,our results point out the importance of the fluid-structure interaction in evaluating flexible wing aerodynamics：the wing deformation does play a significant role in enhancing the aerodynamic performances but works differently during acceleration and steady rotation,which is mainly induced by inertial force in acceleration but by aerodynamic forces     

N′-叔丁基-N′-取代苯甲酰基-N-(苯并二氢吡喃-5-甲酰基)肼的 设计合成及晶体结构

以间羟基苯甲酸为起始原料通过7步反应合成了15个新颖的N′-叔丁基-N′-取代苯甲酰基-N-(苯并二氢吡喃-5-甲酰基)肼类化合物. 中间体3-炔丙氧基苯甲酸甲酯在N,N-二乙基苯胺中发生克莱森重排后得到主要产物苯并吡喃-5-甲酸甲酯和副产物苯并吡喃-7-甲酸甲酯. 通过氢谱、元素分析或高分辨质谱确定了这些化合物的结构, 化合物1a的X射线单晶衍射分析发现苯并二氢吡喃的吡喃环与苯环不共平面, 其中的C(1)和C(2)分别位于相应苯环平面的两侧.     

东亚钳蝎昆虫毒素BmK IT的初级结构研究

从中国产东亚钳蝎(Buthus martensi Karsch)毒中纯化的一个昆虫毒素BmK IT经还原和羧甲基化处理后,分别用TPCK-胰蛋白酶和金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白酶进行用TLC-薄膜分离酶解的肽段并分别测定了它们的氨基酸顺序。将BmK IT及其酶解肽段的氨基酸顺序的测定结果与由非洲产蝎Androctonus australis Hector毒中纯化的昆虫毒素AaH IT的初级结构进行参照对比,我们发现两种昆虫毒素的分子结构中仅有16个残基部位发生了变异,其同源性高达75％以上。这一结果为探讨蝎昆虫毒素的分子结构特征以及结构与功能的相互关系提供了重要资料,也为这类毒素的开发利用,如作为神经生物科学研究中的工具物或探讨作为生物杀虫剂的可能性等提供了必要的分子基础。     

昆虫几丁质抑制剂苯甲酰基苯脲类中苯甲酰基邻位取代基团对杀虫活性的影响

采用分子力学方法对苯甲酰基脲类昆虫几丁质抑制剂进行计算，发现苯甲酰基中的苯环与相连酰胺平面的夹角影响该类药物的杀虫活性，其中夹角在４０°左右杀虫活性最高。说明了分子中的构象影响杀虫活性。而这方面结果用传统的ＱＳＡＲ法难以得到，本计算结果较好的说明了苯甲酰基部分邻位取代基中２，６－二氟＞２－氯＞２，６－二氯＞２－氟的杀虫活性次序。     

昆虫信息化合物相对蒸气压的气相色谱分析

报道了用０１２％胆固醇对氯肉桂酸酯（ＣＰＣＣ）和００８％ＯＶ１０１液晶相毛细管柱气相色谱法测定化合物相对蒸汽压的方法及对６０个昆虫信息化合物相对蒸汽压的测定结果。由此可直接利用公式计算昆虫信息素各组分的释放速率。使合成信息素最佳配比的选择方法大为简化。     

昆虫性信息素的固相合成

本综述阐明昆虫性信息素固相合成的最新成就。C.C.Leznoff 开创了昆虫性信息素的固相合成,并合成了一系列信息素。他以二醇为原料,以聚合物三苯甲基氯为保护剂。陈德恒等将保护剂改成聚合物三苯甲基氯硅烷,产率比前人有所提高。陈家威等大大改进了前两人的线路,简化了步骤,只抓住关键的一步进行固相合成,总产率比前人提高得更多。     

N—苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯类化合物的合成及其对昆虫谷氨酸受…

报道了Ｎ－苯磺酰基磷酰二胺酯类化合物的合成，用电生理细胞内微电极技术研究了这些化合物的结构对昆虫谷氨酸电位阻断作用的影响。活体实验表明，具有第２种杀虫机制的化合物杀虫效果最好。