支持矢量机和线性判别分析对细胞穿透肽的识别

选取25条CPP和16条非CPP作为训练集样本, 以61条CPP和21条非CPP为预测集样本. 利用氨基酸的z-Scale对肽链进行编码, 分别使用原始72个自交叉协方差变量和它们的主成分矢量进行线性判别(LDA)和支持矢量机(SVM)分类研究. 当采用LDA方法时, 对于训练集的预测以及它们的留一法交互检验, 均获得比较优越的结果, 但对预测集的预测总的识别率的最优结果仅为57.3%. 分别利用主成分和原始变量集作为SVM的输入建立的非线性识别模型, 对训练集的总识别率分别为85.4%和100%, 留一法交互检验的总识别率分别为80.5%和75.6%, 对预测集的最优总识别正确率为74.4%. 识别结果表明SVM能够比较好的提取原始变量间的细微模式变化, 对CPP总的识别结果优于LDA.     

熊果酸衍生物的合成、表征及其对癌细胞的抑制活性

以熊果酸为母体化合物,对其3-OH和17-COOH进行结构修饰,设计合成了9个熊果酸衍生物,其结构经IR、¹H NMR和MS测试技术确证;噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法考察了所合成衍生物对体外人肝癌细胞HepG2培养增殖的抑制作用,结果显示受试衍生物均对细胞增殖有一定抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性,其中衍生物9的抑制作用最强;衍生物9与细胞作用24 h后,经Hoechst 33342/PI双染色,倒置荧光显微镜下观察,出现细胞凋亡所具有的高蓝色/低红色荧光图;流式细胞术检测细胞周期发现：细胞被阻滞于S期,且阻滞作用随药物浓度的增加而增强。     

Symplectic analysis for elastic wave propagation in two-dimensional cellular structures

On the basis of the finite element analysis, the elastic wave propagation in cellular structures is investigated using the symplectic algorithm. The variation principle is first applied to obtain the dual variables and the wave propagation problem is then transformed into two-dimensional （2D） symplectic eigenvalue problems, where the extended Wittrick-Williams algorithm is used to ensure that no phase propagation eigenvalues are missed during computation. Three typical cellular structures, square, triangle and hexagon, are introduced to illustrate the unique feature of the symplectic algorithm in higher-frequency calculation, which is due to the conserved properties of the structure-preserving symplectic algorithm. On the basis of the dispersion relations and phase constant surface analysis, the band structure is shown to be insensitive to the material type at lower frequencies, however, much more related at higher frequencies. This paper also demonstrates how the boundary conditions adopted in the finite element modeling process and the structures＇ configurations affect the band structures. The hexagonal cells are demonstrated to be more efficient for sound insulation at higher frequencies, while the triangular cells are preferred at lower frequencies. No complete band gaps are observed for the square cells with fixed-end boundary conditions. The analysis of phase constant surfaces guides the design of 2D cellular structures where waves at certain frequencies do not propagate in specified directions. The findings from the present study will provide invaluable guidelines for the future application of cellular structures in sound insulation.     

基于元胞自动机的甲型H1N1流感病毒的模型

目前甲型H1N1流感是一种危害全球的疾病,它的许多特性还有待进一步发现．本文利用元胞自动机的特点,将人群分为易感者,患病者,治愈者,建立元胞自动机传染病模型对甲型H1N1流感给予研究．模拟结果表明：所建模型可以有效地模拟甲型H1N1流感,同时针对疾病的发生变化,模型可以调整得到有效的结果．特别考虑隔离措施的影响,表明有效隔离是阻止疾病传播的有效手段．     

A simplified tether model for molecular motor transporting cargo

Molecular motors are proteins or protein complexes which function as transporting engines in biological cells. This paper models the tether between motor and its cargo as a symmetric linear potential. Different from Elston and Peskin's work for which performance of the system was discussed only in some limiting cases, this study produces analytic solutions of the problem for general cases by simplifying the transport system into two physical states, which makes it possible to discuss the dynamics of the motor--cargo system in detail. It turns out that the tether strength between motor and cargo should be greater than a threshold or the motor will fail to transport the cargo, which was not discussed by former researchers yet. Value of the threshold depends on the diffusion coefficients of cargo and motor and also on the strength of the Brownian ratchets dragging the system. The threshold approaches a finite constant when the strength of the ratchet tends to infinity.     

研究者利用培养细胞培育成功新的老鼠心脏

利用培养细胞培育复杂器官是相当困难的,目前只限于膀胱等较为简单的器官。现在,美国明尼阿波利斯（Minneapolis）市明尼苏达大学的泰勒（Doris Taylor）已获得惊人突破。他们取出老鼠的心脏,以化学方法在相关器官之间搭建的“脚手架”只触发免疫反应,并维持心脏的基本形状。     

X射线致HeLa细胞损伤过程中NADPH氧化酶的作用

以HeLa细胞为实验材料, 探讨了NADPH氧化酶在X射线诱导细胞损伤过程中的作用。 结果显示, 12 Gy X射线辐照后细胞内活性氧(ROS)明显增加, 在用NADPH氧化酶抑制剂处理后再辐照, 则细胞内ROS降低到未辐照水平; 同时辐照后NADPH 氧化酶细胞质亚基p47phox 在细胞质积聚并和细胞膜亚基 gp91phox 结合; Western blotting检测结果显示, NADPH 氧化酶的关键亚基 gp91phox 的表达量明显增加。 以上结果说明, NADPH氧化酶可以被X射线激活, 由其介导产生的ROS在X射线诱导HeLa细胞损伤过程中扮演重要角色。 To investigate the role of NADPH oxidase in HeLa cell lesion induced by X ray irradiation, the change of cell survival was detected with MTT assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorospectrophotometer. Immunostaining and confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to detect the co localization of two subunit of NADPH oxidase, p47phox and gp91phox in the cell. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of gp91phox before and after X ray irradiation. After X ray irradiation, intra cellular level of ROS increased obviously. But the increase could be blocked by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Meanwhile, cytosolic subunit p47phox moved to membrane and co localizated with gp91phox after irradiation. Moreover, the results also show that gp91phox increased sharply after 12 Gy X ray irradiation. Therefore, NADPH oxidase mediated production of ROS plays an important role in HeLa cell lesion induced by X ray.     

Finite-Size Scaling Analysis of a Three-Dimensional Blume--Capel Model in the Presence of External Magnetic Field

The Blume-Capel model in the presence of external magnetic field H has been simulated using a cellular automaton algorithm improved from the Creutz cellular automaton in three-dimension lattice. The field critical exponent 5 is estimated using the power law relations and the finite size scaling functions for the magnetization and the susceptibility in the range -0.1≤ h = H/J ≤0. The estimated value of the field critical exponent 5 is in good agreement with the universal value （δ = 5） in three dimensions. The simulations are carried out on a simple cubic lattice under periodic boundary conditions.     

细胞内转运载体超支化聚砜胺及其生物相容性

通过制备超支化聚砜胺-异硫氰酸荧光素聚合物(PSA-FITC), 研究其生物相容性、肿瘤细胞对其内吞作用和在正常小鼠体内的生物分布, 以探讨PSA作为载体进行药物和基因体内输送的可行性. 在碱性条件下共价结合PSA与FITC, 形成荧光标记聚合物(PSA-FITC)后测定聚合物中FITC含量. 在不同时间点, 通过流式细胞术检测细胞对聚合物的内吞作用; 正常balb/c裸鼠尾静脉注射PSA-FITC 24 h后, 用小动物活体荧光成像系统研究各脏器聚合物分布. 不同浓度PSA与3T3小鼠成纤维细胞及KB人口腔上皮肿瘤细胞分别孵育24, 48, 72 h后, 通过MTT法测得其生物相容性. 结果表明, PSA生物相容性良好, 72 h的细胞半抑制浓度大于1 mg/mL. 细胞摄入PSA-FITC高效快速, 3 h阳性细胞百分含量为99.24%±1.03%, 且具有时间依赖性. 在正常小鼠体内, PSA在各主要脏器或组织中无明显特异性浓聚. 超支化聚砜胺具有明显生物低毒性和高效细胞内转运特点. 由于其表面功能基团容易改性, 作为载体, 通过连接结合配体或抗体, 在肿瘤的主动靶向治疗中具有广阔的应用前景.     

由D型氨基酸设计自组装短肽D-EAK16构建新型三维纳米纤维支架材料

采用D型氨基酸设计自组装短肽D-EAK16, 运用圆二色仪及原子力显微镜等仪器和细胞三维培养, 发现短肽D-EAK16在30 ℃时具有稳定的二级结构β-sheet, 在一定浓度下D-EAK16可形成由纳米纤维构成的透明水凝胶, 含水量高达99％, 可在细胞培养基(如PBS, DMEM)中形成支架. 细胞三维培养显示, 该水凝胶对细胞HO-8910和SPC-A-1的生长未见毒性. 比较D型氨基酸纳米支架和L型氨基酸纳米支架, 细胞的毒性未发现显著性差异. 采用D型氨基酸构建的自组装短肽, 可提供一个三维基质培养系统, 期望能广泛应用于生物医学工程等领域.