锂及锂离子蓄电池有机溶剂研究进展

从有机溶剂对电池安全性的影响，氧化稳定性，与负极的相容性及对电解液电导率的影响四个方面，论述了锂及锂离子蓄电池有机溶剂的化学和电化学，介绍了碳酸酯类，醚类和羧酸酯类溶剂的性质与电极的相容性及在有机电解液中的应用，对含硫，硼基及胺类有机溶剂等也作了论述。     

毛细管电泳法快速检测饮用水中的常见阴离子

用毛细管电泳法快速检测饮用水中常见的阴离子,并对几种电解液进行了对比试验,试验结果表明,以TTAOH(十四烷基三甲基氢氧化胺)作电渗流改进剂,pH 9.1的电解液检测效果为最佳;该方法所检离子线性相关系数均在0.999以上.     

原子荧光光度法同时测定硫酸铜电解液中微量砷和锑

电解铜箔是用来制造印刷电路板、组装电子元件的电子工业基础材料 ,是铜冶炼的深加工产品。其生产过程中硫酸铜电解液中砷、锑的含量直接影响电解铜箔的抗剥离强度。因此 ,测定电解液中砷和锑的含量显得尤为重要。硫酸铜电解液中砷的测定一般采用二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银比色法[1] ,大量铜离子存在下锑的测定采用原子吸收光谱法[2 ] 。采用原子荧光光度法可同时测定砷和锑。通过KI 抗坏血酸沉淀掩蔽 ,消除了电解液中大量铜离子对砷、锑的测定干扰[1] ,本法具有操作简单、快捷等特点 ,分析准确度和精密度都较满意。1　试验部分1.1　仪器与试…     

吸光光度法连续测定铜电解液中微量锑和铋

在多数情况下 ,锑和铋以有害痕量元素存在于电解液和金属材料中。在铜电解液中 ,锑和铋的含量决定电解铜的质量 ,当它们的含量达到一定值时 ,电解池中阳极 (粗铜 )的残极率上升 ,同时阴极 (精铜 )表面起瘤 ,从而造成精铜纯度下降 ,故需严格控制锑和铋的含量[1 ] 。吸光光度法测定锑和铋的方法虽有不少报道 ,但大多数是单独测定锑或铋 ,连续测定锑和铋[2 ] 的方法也有报道。为了提高分析速度 ,本文在文献 [3]的基础上 ,研究了在聚乙烯醇存在下 ,硫脲和硫氰酸钾掩蔽 Cu( )等干扰离子 ,碘化钾吸光光度法连续测定锑和铋的含量 ,操作简便 ,线性…     

《化学通报》网络版(Chemistry Online)2004年第1期论文摘要

[w0 0 1]锂离子二次电池电解液的研究进展——电解液与电池的安全保护Progress in the Research of Non- aqueous Electrolyte for L i- ion Battery—— Electrolyte and the Safety of Battery左晓希　刘建生 #　李伟善　南俊民 (华南师范大学化学系　广州　 5 10 6 31;　 #广州市天赐高新材料科技有限公司　广州　 5 10 76 0 )由于锂离子二次电池相对于其它的二次电池具有更高的能量密度和对环境的友好性 ,已经广泛地应用到人们的生活当中。然而 ,锂离子二次电池使用的是有机电解液 ,其带来的安全问题已成了人们关注的焦点。本文就开…     

MH－Ni电池低温性能的研究

从合金组成及电解液组份研究了ＭＨ－Ｎｉ电池的低温性能,确定了适宜的合金组成和电解液组成。     

铈锌液流电池的研究进展

铈锌氧化还原液流电池与其它液流电池相比,具有电压高、原材料资源丰富和价格便宜等优点,在储能方面具有很大的应用发展潜力。 本文总结了铈锌液流电池的研究进展,特别是对电解液的发展进行了重点总结,并指出了今后铈锌液流电池研究的发展方向。     

碱性电解液中K3[Fe(CN)6]在锌阳极上的自发还原和吸附延长锌镍电池的循环寿命

In view of the continuously worsening environmental problems, fossil fuels will not be able to support the development of human life in the future. Hence, it is of great importance to work on the efficient utilization of cleaner energy resources. In this case, cheap, reliable, and eco-friendly grid-scale energy storage systems can play a key role in optimizing our energy usage. When compared with lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries, the excellent safety, environmental benignity, and low toxicity of aqueous Zn-based batteries make them competitive in the context of large-scale energy storage. Among the various Zn-based batteries, due to a high open-circuit voltage and excellent rate performance, Zn-Ni batteries have great potential in practical applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic obstacles associated with the use of Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes, such as dendrite, shape change, passivation, and corrosion, limit their commercial application. Hence, we have focused our current efforts on inhibiting the corrosion and dissolution of Zn species. Based on a previous study from our research group, the failure of the Zn-Ni battery was caused by the shape change of the Zn anode, which stemmed from the dissolution of Zn and uneven current distribution on the anode. Therefore, for the current study, we selected K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as an electrolyte additive that would help minimize the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode. In the alkaline electrolyte, [Fe(CN)₆]^3– was reduced to [Fe(CN)₆]^4– by the metallic Zn present in the Zn-Ni battery. Owing to its low solubility in the electrolyte, K₄[Fe(CN)₆] adhered to the active Zn anode, thereby inhibiting the aggregation and corrosion of Zn. Ultimately, the shape change of the anode was effectively eliminated, which improved the cycling life of the Zn-Ni battery by more than three times (i.e., from 124 cycles to more than 423 cycles). As for capacity retention, the Zn-Ni battery with the pristine electrolyte only exhibited 40% capacity retention after 85 cycles, while the Zn-Ni battery with the modified electrolyte (i.e., containing K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) showed 72% capacity retention. Moreover, unlike conventional organic additives that increase electrode polarization, the addition of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] not only significantly reduced the charge-transfer resistance in a simplified three-electrode system, but also improved the discharge capacity and rate performance of the Zn-Ni battery. Importantly, considering that this strategy was easy to achieve and minimized additional costs, K₃[Fe(CN)₆], as an electrolyte additive with almost no negative effect, has tremendous potential in commercial Zn-Ni batteries.     

高比能锂离子电池高电压电解液的设计

自便携式电子设备以及电动汽车问世后,锂离子电池储能设备已经难以满足当前的生活与生产需求.锂离子电池作为商业储能设备市场的主要占有者,正朝着更高的能量密度、更长久的使用寿命以及更高的安全性能等方向发展.虽然通过提高锂离子电池的截止电压可以达到提升电池重量密度和体积密度的效果,但电池体系在高电压下将非常不稳定,这将导致锂离子电池的循环性能迅速衰减.同时,大量的电解液分解产物的堆积,导致电池的界面阻抗上升.另一方面,气体的生成形成了电池的安全隐患.本文针对高电压电解液的溶剂设计和电解液添加剂设计两个方面,回顾了过去一段时间里高电压电解液的发展.根据当前的理论研究基础,提出了高比能锂离子电池电解液的设计重心和未来该领域的主要研究方向.