第三届全国生物力学青年学者学术研讨会报告综述

简要介绍了第三届全国生物力学青年学者学术研讨会的会议概况,对学术报告内容进行了总结和综述.      

原子力显微镜力谱技术及其在微观生物力学领域的应用

基于原子力显微镜技术的力谱技术是一种高灵敏度的力学检测方法.它能够以前所未有的精度, 在微观生物力学领域表征组织、细胞、生物膜、蛋白质、核酸、功能材料等目标对象, 探索其包括形貌、化学信息、导电性、静电力以及生物学特性在内的等信息, 并且能够对其进行分子级别精度的三维操纵. 从而对分子结构与构象变化, 分子间的相互作用以及反应历程实现单分子水平的实时--原位观测, 提供了其他测试方法不能完成的实验设计之可能性.本文首先介绍了原子力显微镜及其力谱技术的原理, 以及影响测量结果的各个参数的物理意义; 其次按照单个目标对象与配对目标对象的区分方式, 详细介绍了力谱技术在微观生物力学各个尺度上的研究进展; 之后介绍了力谱技术结合成像模式下的发展和应用; 最后对设备的改进和本研究领域发展方向进行了展望.      

Biomechanical and dynamic mechanism of locust take-off

The biomimetic locust robot hopping vehicle has promising applications in planet exploration and reconnaissance. This paper explores the bionic dynamics model of locust jumping by using high-speed video and force analysis. This paper applies hybrid rigid-flexible mechanisms to bionic locust hopping and studies its dynamics with emphasis laid on the relationship between force and jumping performance. The hybrid rigid-flexible model is introduced in the analysis of locust mechanism to address the principles of dynamics that govern locust joints and mechanisms during energy storage and take-off. The dynamic response of the biomimetic mechanism is studied by considering the flexi- bility according to the locust jumping dynamics mechanism. A multi-rigid-body dynamics model of locust jumping is established and analyzed based on Lagrange method; elastic knee and tarsus mechanisms that were proposed in previous works are analyzed alongside the original bionic joint configurations and their machinery principles. This work offers primary theories for take-off dynamics and establishes a theoretical basis for future studies and engineering applications.     

临床血液流变学进展

血液流变学的迅速发展与临床实践的增多相伴而行.本文概述近年来国际上临床血液流变学进展的三个主要方面,即(1)血液的宏观流变性质,主要包括血液粘度、血浆粘度及血液粘弹性的临床应用;(2)血细胞的流变学,近年最重视红细胞的变形性,白细胞与血小板的流变性质也不容忽视;③分子水平的流变学,尤其是凝血与血栓形成有关的生物化学与流变学问题.可以预计,今后临床血液流变学的发展会更重视细胞与分子水平的研究,并着眼于解决特定生理或病理条件下的血液流变学问题。     

IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF ATTACHMENT SAFETY BETWEEN CARDIAC PACING LEAD AND CANINE HEART MUSCLE

In vivo experiments of screwing the electrode of canine hearts and assigning external excitation on the lead-myocardium interface was carried out to evaluate the lead/myocardium adherence safety.The electrode is specially designed to host a measurement unit of strain gauges. We obtained the lead/heart interactions data from 12 dogs under natural heart beating and beating with external excitations.The data recorded from the acute phase and the chronic phase of pulling out pacing leads were compared with each other.The electrode/heart interaction is caused by the heart beat and influenced by the lung breath.This process induced tolerable damage to the lead or myocardium.The interaction decreases as the frequency of external excitations increases.The lead is more likely to be detached from myocardium under higher excitation frequency.At the same implanting sites,safer pacing lead/myocardium attachment can be realized in the chronic tests than in the acute tests.     

《计算力学学报》20年

中国力学学会主办的《计算力学学报》连同其前身《计算结构力学及其应用》已经出版20年了。在纪念《计算力学学报》创刊20年之际,回顾20年来中国在计算力学基本理论、方法和应用软件等多方面所取得的成就,展望新世纪的重要研究与应用很有意义。计算力学致力于研究运用现代计算技术求解工程和科学中的力学及与力学相耦合问题的理论、算法和软件。当今,现代计算技术对社会的科技进步和经济发展已经成为不可或缺的基础。计算、实验及理论已经成为科学的三大支柱。计算力学在推动力学学科的发展中也起着越来越重要的作用。钱学森指出[1],“总…     

步行运动特征的动力学解释

本文利用变摆长的倒摆模型研究步行运动,对运动的基本特征给出简明的解释.文中计算了质心垂直波动对步行运动的影响,从而在理论上证实:为避免出现腾空犯规动作并减少踏地冲量,竞走运动员应尽可能实现等高度步行的理想模式.     

家兔肌腱的蠕变变形行为的实验研究

研究了家兔肌腱的蠕变规律，测定了稳定蠕变速率等力学参量，通过对试验结果的分析，建立了肌腱的蠕变本构关系，结果表明，蠕变应变与瞬时应力和时间有关，在一定的瞬时应力作用下，稳定蠕变速率近似为常数，稳定蠕变速率与瞬时应力近似成指数关系。