汤姆孙（Thomson,Sir Joseph John，1856-1940）英国物理学家（Physicist，England）

1876年，汤姆孙靠奖学金进入剑桥大学读书，此后便在那里度过了他的一生。1884年在他28岁时，接替瑞利髓任卡文迪许实验室主任，达30余年之久。英国能够于20世纪前30年在亚原子物理学领域保持领先地位，主要有赖于他的才干。起初，他研究阴极射线。终于在1897年证实阴极射线在电场中偏转——这是判定阴极射线是带电粒子的决定性证据。     

中国人为何欢迎相对论——评胡大年《爱因斯坦在中国》一书

2006年7月，上海世纪出版集团、上海科技教育出版社出版了胡大年博士的著作《爱因斯坦在中国（1917～1979）》一书．它以29．5万字篇幅，洋洋洒洒地描述了相对论在中国的60余年的状况．全书5章：第1章，讲述明清两代中国“没有经典物理学之事实”，这是作为以下两章的情景引线而特辟的首章；第2、3章，叙述中国人拥抱、传播和研究相对论，其原因如第1章所述；第4、5章，讲述爱因斯坦对中国之友谊，以及爱因斯坦形象在中国从“蒙污”到“受批判”的历史过程．该书是胡大年“在其博士论文基础上改写而成的，系第一部论述中国接纳爱因斯坦极其相对论历程的专著”（该书“内容提要”）．书前载5位教授级外国学者“对本书的评价”，抑为对胡大年博士论文的审评书中摘录而得．该书中文本的最后完稿时间为2006年6月6日．     

老树春深更著花——对《普通物理学》(第六版)(程守洙,江之永主编)的浅评

由程守洙，江之永主编；胡盘新，汤毓骏，钟季康修订的《普通物理学》（第六版）（以下简称“本书”）作为普通高等教育“十一五”国家规划教材，已于2006年12月由高等教育出版社出版发行，以应对当前有关院校教学之急需．     

物理与三次技术革命

科学突飞猛进，新技术层出不穷．物理学作为20世纪的领头学科，由经典走向现代，由宏观到微观，已步人一个崭新的发展阶段．20世纪物理学上的两大重要成果是狭义相对论（爱因斯坦）和量子力学（普朗克），诺贝尔奖得主李政道教授说：“如果没有狭义相对论和量子力学的诞生，就不会有后来的原子结构、分子物理、核能、激光、     

Noncontinuous Solitary Wave Solutions for Double sine-Gordon Equation

Using the tanh method and a variable separated ordinary difference equation method to solve the double sineGordon equation, we derive some new exact travelling wave solutions, especially a new type of noncontinuous solitary wave solutions. These noncontinuous solitary wave solutions are verified by using the conservation law theory.     

Electronic Structures of Wurtzite GaN with Ga and N Vacancies

The electronic band structures of wurtzite GaN with Ga and N vacancy defects are investigated by means of the first-principles total energy calculations in the neutral charge state. Our results show that the band structures can be significantly modified by the Ga and N vacancies in the GaN samples. Generally, the width of the valence band is reduced and the band gap is enlarged. The defect-induced bands can be introduced in the band gap of GMV due to the Ga and N vacancies. Moreover, the GaN with high density of N vacancies becomes an indirect gap semiconductor. Three defect bands due to Ga vacancy defects are created within the band gap and near the top of the valence band. In contrast, the N vacancies introduce four defect bands within the band gap. One is in the vicinity of the top of the valence band, and the others are near the bottom of the conduction band. The physical origin of the defect bands and modification of the band structures due to the Ga and N vacancies are analysed in depth.     

Five-Dimensional Cosmological Model with Variable G and A

Einstein＇s field equations with C and A both varying with time are considered in the presence of a perfect fluid for five-dimensional cosmological model in a way which conserves the energy momentum tensor of the matter content. Several sets of explicit solutions in the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein type cosmological models with variable G and A are obtained. The diminishment of extra dimension with the evolution of the universe for the five-dimensional model is exhibited. The physical properties of the models are examined.     

Linearization of Systems of Nonlinear Diffusion Equations

We investigate the linearization of systems of n-component nonlinear diffusion equations; such systems have physical applications in soil science, mathematical biology and invariant curve flows. Equivalence transformations of their auxiliary systems are used to identify the systems that can be linearized. We also provide several examples of systems with two-component equations, and show how to linearize them by nonlocal mappings.     

Long-Time Dynamical Behaviour of Alternative-Current Stark Effect

We report the long time dynamical behaviour of ac Stark effect in a simple quantum model in which two level atoms interact with quantized coherent radiation field. A new phenomenon of periodic quantum collapse and revival of the ac Stark shift of energy level due to ac Stark effect is expressed accurately by analysing the phase of transition probability amplitude. The analytic prediction is confirmed by the numerical results.     

Local Modulation of Double Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Spectrum

The double electromagnetically induced transparency induced by two coupling fields can be realized in a fourlevel tripod-type atom. Such double transparency spectra can be locally modulated by using the weak coherent fields to perturb the coupling transitions. These investigations within this scheme can be independent of Doppler broadening by properly orienting these fieds.