普朗克卫星与宇宙微波背景辐射

目前对于宇宙起源的认识主要来自于热大爆炸宇宙理论。根据这一理论,在宇宙的极早期,物质以高温高密的等离子体形式存在,并且处于热平衡状态。由于大量自由电子会与光子频繁发生散射,使得光子的平均自由程很短,宇宙处于不透明的状态。     

Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

The effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency are investigated using grid-scale data from nine equilibrium sensitivity cloud-resolving model experiments driven without large-scale vertical velocity. The precipitation efficiencies are respectively defined in surface rainfall, cloud, and rain microphysical budgets. We mathematically and physically demonstrate the relationship between these precipitation efficiencies. The 2℃ increases in spatiotemporal invariant sea surface temperature (SST) from 27℃ to 29℃ and from 29℃ to 31℃, and the inclusion of diurnal SST difference 1℃ and the 1℃ increase in diurnal SST difference generate opposite changes in the precipitation efficiency by changing ice cloud-radiation interactions. The radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds have opposite effects on the precipitation efficiency because of the rainfall increase associated with the reduction in the saturation mixing ratio caused by the exclusion of radiative effects and the decrease in rainfall related to the reduction in net condensation caused by the exclusion of deposition processes. The radiative effects of water clouds on the precipitation efficiency are statistically insensitive to the radiative effects of ice clouds.     

Tm3+,Yb3+共掺钨酸钙多晶材料的上转换发光及荧光温度特性

采用高温固相法制备了Tm³⁺,Yb³共掺CaWO₄多晶材料. 980 nm二极管激光器激发下,在可见区获得了¹G₄→³H₆,¹G₄→³H₄,³H₂,³H₃→³H₆ 跃迁产生的上转换荧光. 讨论了Yb³⁺ 离子浓度的变化对Tm³⁺ 的上转换发光强度的影响,同时根据荧光强度比的方法研究了689 和705 nm 红色上转换荧光在313–773 K 范围内的温度特性. 结果表明：基于Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺ 共掺CaWO₄ 多晶材料的红色上转换荧光可以实现温度监测,其测温的最大灵敏度值为5.7×10^-4 K^-1,相应的测量温度为458 K. 关键词： 上转换发光 3+')" href="#">Tm³⁺ 钨酸钙 荧光温度传感     

电沉积温度对碘化亚铜薄膜光学性质的影响(英文)

以ITO导电玻璃衬底,CuSO4、KI为反应溶液,EDTA为络合剂,通过简单的电化学方法分别在40,60,80℃的电沉积温度下成功制备出高定向的γ-CuI薄膜。讨论了不同沉积温度下碘化亚铜薄膜各项性质的差异,作为比较还利用化学沉积方法在室温下合成了碘化亚铜粉末。利用X射线衍射图(XRD)进行结构分析,场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行形貌观察。实验结果表明:碘化亚铜薄膜由三角形纳米片构成,沿(111)晶相择优生长。随着电沉积温度的升高,颗粒的尺寸从2μm减小到500 nm。不同电沉积温度制备出的碘化亚铜薄膜均在拉曼光谱上呈现出一个强的LO峰和一个微弱的TO峰,峰的强度均随着电沉积温度的升高而增大。同时,光致发光(PL)光谱的分析显示出强的近带边发射峰。CuI粉末在结构及形貌等性质上与CuI薄膜有一定的差异。     

基底温度对α-C:H膜微观结构的影响

使用RF-PECVD法分别在基底温度为60℃、120℃和200℃的N型单晶锗表面制备了α-C:H膜,采用拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱和原子力显微镜等技术手段研究分析了α-C:H膜的价键组成及表面形貌,讨论了基底温度对α-C:H膜微结构及部分性能的影响。结果表明,在α-C:H膜沉积过程中,基底温度对膜层微观结构有较大影响,基底温度60℃时,膜层表面光滑、致密无石墨化现象。随着基底温度的升高,α-C:H膜中含H量和微晶石墨量逐渐增多,α-C:H膜层性能也逐步退化。     

A polyene chain of canthaxanthin investigated by temperature-dependent resonance Raman spectra and density functional theory （DFT） calculations

We report on a temperature-dependent resonance Raman spectral characterization of the polyene chain of canthax- anthin. It is observed that all vibrational intensities of the polyene chain are inversely proportional to temperature, which is analyzed by the resonance Raman effect and the coherent weakly damped electron/lattice vibrations. The increase in intensity of the CC overtone/combination relative to the fundamental with temperature decreasing is detected and discussed in terms of electron/phonon coupling and the activation energy Uop. Moreover, the polyene chain studies using the density functional theory B3LYP/6-31 G＊ level reveal a prominent peak at 1525 cm-1 consisting of two closely spaced modes that are both dominated by C=C stretching coordinates of the polyene chain.     

Heat transfer in boundary layer stagnation-point flow towards a shrinking sheet with non-uniform heat flux

In this paper, the effect of non-uniform heat flux on heat transfer in boundary layer stagnation-point flow over a shrinking sheet is studied. The variable boundary heat fluxes are considered of two types: direct power-law variation with the distance along the sheet and inverse power-law variation with the distance. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into non linear self-similar ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by similarity transformations, and then those are solved using very efficient shooting method. The direct variation and inverse variation of heat flux along the sheet have completely different effects on the temperature distribution. Moreover, the heat transfer characteristics in the presence of non-uniform heat flux for several values of physical parameters are also found to be interesting.     

Densification and lithium ion conductivity of garnet-type Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 （x=0.25） solid electrolytes

The garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic is a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state secondary lithium batteries. However, it faces the problem of lithium volatilization during sintering, which may cause low density and deterioration of ionic conductivity. In this work, the effects of sintering temperature and addition on the density as well as the lithium ion conductivity of Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 (LLZTO, x=0.25) ceramics prepared by solid state reaction have been studied. It is found that optimization of the sintering temperature leads to a minor increase in the ceramic density, yielding an optimum ionic conductivity of 2.9×10-4 S·cm-1 at 25℃. Introduction of Li 3 PO 4 addition in an appropriate concentration can obviously increase the density, leading to an optimum ionic conductivity of 7.2×10-4 S·cm-1 at 25℃. This value is superior to the conductivity data in most recent reports on the LLZTO ceramics.     

Optical spectroscopy studies on FeTelxSex and AxFe2uSe2 （A = K, Rb, Cs）： A brief overview

In this short overview, we summarize the optical spectroscopy FeTezxSex and AxFe2-ySe2. We elaborate that optical spectroscopy band structure evolution across the AFM phase transition temperature, studies on iron selenide superconducting systems measurements yield fruitful information about the the electronic correlation effect, the superconduct- ing pairing energy gap, the condensed carrier density or penetration depth, the inhomogeneity and the nanoscale phase separation between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in those systems.     

单脉冲和再加热正交双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱对比研究

为了提高激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)的检测灵敏度和辐射光谱特性,采用再加热正交双脉冲结构对样品中的4种元素Fe,Pb,Ca和Mg以及含有不同浓度重金属元素Cr的土壤样品进行分析。研究了4条特征谱线FeⅠ：404.581 nm,PbⅠ：405.78 nm,CaⅠ：422.67 nm和MgⅠ：518.361 nm的光谱强度和信背比随两激光脉冲之间时间间隔的变化关系,获得了两激光脉冲之间最佳的时间间隔为1.0 μs。在单脉冲和双脉冲条件下,得到了4条特征谱线FeⅠ：404.581 nm,PbⅠ：405.78 nm,CaⅠ：422.67 nm和MgⅠ：518.361 nm光谱强度的增强倍数分别为2.23,2.31,2.42和2.10;分析了特征谱线FeⅠ：404.581 nm和CaⅠ：422.67 nm谱线强度随时间的演化特性以及4条特征谱线信背比随光谱采集延时的变化关系,双脉冲能有效延长光谱强度的衰减时间以及提高特征谱线的信背比;比较分析了等离子体温度和电子密度随时间的演化特性,在双脉冲条件下,等离子体温度最大升高了730 K,电子密度最大增加了1.8×1016 cm-3。单脉冲和双脉冲条件下获得重金属元素Cr的检测限分别为38和20 μg·g-1,再加热正交双脉冲技术使元素检测限下降近2倍。以上结果表明：再加热正交双脉冲能有效地提升LIBS技术的检测灵敏度和光谱特性,为进一步降低元素的检测限提供了有效的方法。