Bubble dynamics in a two-dimensional gas-solid fluidized bed

Related referential studies on gas-solid two-phase flows were briefly reviewed. Bubble ascending in a two-dimensional （2D） gas-solid fluidized bed was studied both experimentally and numerically. A modified continuum model expressed in the conservation form was used in numerical simulation. Solid-phase pressure was modeled via local sound speed; gas-phase turbulence was described by the K-ε two-equation model. The modified implicit multiphase formulation （IMF） scheme was used to solve the model equations in 2D Cartesian/cylindrical coordinates. The bubble ascending velocity and particle motion in the 2D fluidized bed were measured using the photochromic dye activation （PDA） technique, which was based on UV light activation of particles impregnated with the dye. Effects of bed height and superficial gas velocity on bubble formation and ascent were investigated numerically. The numerically obtained bubble ascending velocities were compared with experimental measurements. Gas bubble in jetting gas-solids fluidized bed was also simulated numerically.     

氧气对胜利褐煤水蒸气气化半焦结构及反应性的影响

为了研究氧气对半焦的结构变化和反应性的影响,采用不锈钢模拟气流床反应器,在8种不同气氛,800和900 ℃条件下,进行了胜利褐煤水蒸气气化实验。利用拉曼光谱和热重分析仪分别表征了半焦的结构和本征反应性。结果表明,在800和900 ℃条件下,添加的氧气对半焦结构变化的影响方式不同;半焦结构的变化是影响碱金属和碱土金属(AAEM)挥发的主要因素。在不同温度下,添加的氧气对Na挥发的影响和对结构的作用类似,H₂O/O₂混合气氛促使气化所得半焦的反应性进一步降低。半焦的反应活性指数与拉曼光谱谱带比值 I (G_R+V_L+V_R)/I_D具有很好的相关性。     

溶液燃烧法制备的Ni基催化剂及其浆态床甲烷化催化性能

分别以硝酸铝、硝酸氧锆、硝酸镧和硝酸铈为载体前驱体,与硝酸镍和尿素配制水溶液,采用溶液燃烧法制备了Ni-Al2O3、Ni-Zr O2、Ni-La2O3和Ni-Ce O2催化剂,研究了浆态床CO甲烷化催化性能,并进行了低温N2吸附-脱附、XRD、SEM、TEM、H2-TPR和H2化学吸附等表征分析。结果表明,以硝酸铝为前驱体制备Ni-Al2O3催化剂时燃烧火焰稳定且持续时间长,达23 s,样品比表面积(468 m2·g-1)和金属Ni表面积(10 m2·g-1)均较大、Ni粒径小(3~5 nm)且分散度高,CO甲烷化催化活性和稳定性好,CO转化率和CH4选择性分别达到94%和95%,在100 h的甲烷化反应中未出现明显失活;以硝酸氧锆和硝酸镧为前驱体制备样品时未出现明显的燃烧火焰,持续时间仅为12 s和5 s,催化剂比表面积、金属表面积及催化活性均较低;以硝酸铈为前驱体制备样品时燃烧过程迅速而剧烈,样品比表面积(22 m2·g-1)和金属Ni表面积(5 m2·g-1)小、Ni粒径大且分散性差,甲烷化催化性能最差,CO转化率仅为41%,CH4选择性仅为89%。     

FLOW DYNAMICS OF GAS-SOLID FLUIDIZED BEDS WITH EVAPORATIVE LIQUID INJECTION

1. Introduction Injections of evaporative liquids into fluidized solid parti- cles are routinely practiced in industrial processes involv- ing gas-solid fluidization systems such as fluid catalytic cracking, polymerization, and plastic coating (Fan et al., 2001). In the FCC riser system, heavy oil is injected into the system to evaporate rapidly by contact with the hot catalyst particles. Simultaneously, thermal and catalytic cracking reactions take place. During a polymerization process, a …     

MULTI-SCALE AGGREGATION OF PARTICLES IN GAS-SOLIDS FLUIDIZED BEDS

The multi-scale characteristics of clusters in a fast fluidized bed and of agglomerates in a fluidized bed of cohesive particles are discussed on the basis of large amounts of experiments.The cluster size and concentration are dominated by the local voidage of the bed.A cluster consists of many sub-clusters with different sizes and discrete par-ticles,and the sub-cluster size probability density distribution appears as a negative exponential function.The agglom-erates in a fluidized bed of cohesive particles also possess the multi-scale nature.The large agglomerates form a fixed bed at the bottom,the medium agglomerates are fluidized in the middle,and the small agglomerates and discrete parti-cles become the dilute-phase region in the upper part of the bed.The agglomerate size is mainly affected by cohesive forces and gas velocity.The present models for prediction the size of clusters and agglomerates can not tackle the in-trinsic mechanism of the multi-scale aggregation,and a challenging problem for establishing mechanistic model is put forward.     

BUBBLE CHARACTERISTICS IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL VERTICALLY VIBRO-FLUIDIZED BED

Measurement of bubble size and local average bubble rise velocity was carried out in a vertically sinusoidal vibro-fluidized bed. Glass beads of Geldart group B particles were fluidized at different gas velocities, while the bed was vibrated at different frequencies and amplitudes to study their effects on the bubble behavior. This is compared with the case of no vibration in a two-dimensional bed and it is concluded that with vibration the local average bubble size, dbav, decreases significantly, especially at minimum bubbling velocity. The average bubble size increases slightly with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude. The local average bubble rise velocity is higher than that with no vibration, though with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude, it does not change significantly.     

球磨时间对浆态床CO甲烷化Ni-Al_2O_3催化剂性能的影响

结合行星式球磨机,采用低温固相法制备Ni-Al_2O_3催化剂,考察了球磨时间对Ni-Al_2O_3催化剂晶相结构(XRD)、还原特征(H2-TPR)、孔道结构(BET)、粒径分布(PSD)、表面形貌(SEM)和浆态床CO甲烷化性能的影响.结果表明,球磨时间为60 min,催化剂(CT-60)平均粒径最小,为141 nm;比表面积最大,为329 m2/g.随球磨时间延长,Ni-Al_2O_3催化剂的甲烷化性能(CO转化率、CH_4选择性和CH_4收率)均先增加后减少.其中,球磨时间为60 min制备的催化剂(CT-60)甲烷化性能最佳,其CO转化率、CH_4选择性和CH_4收率分别达87.9%、8 6.8%和74.3%.结合催化剂表征可知,CT-60优异的性能与其具有较小的颗粒尺寸(141 nm)和较大的比表面积(329 m2·g-1)有很大的关联.即,催化剂颗粒尺寸越小,比表面积越大,其性能越好.     

激波与沉积可燃粉尘相互作用的实验研究

在新建立的激波管中实现了激波对沉积可燃粉尘的卷扬与点火。利用自行设计的瞬态阴影摄影系统和高空间分辨率的新型红外光敏二极管成功拍摄了激波后燃烧粉尘云的阴影图像和测量了激波后可燃粉尘的点火诱导时间。通过对实验结果的较深入的分析，揭示了激波与可燃粉尘床相互作用的基本特征     

欧江河口推移质的造床作用

潮汐河口推移质运动复杂,人们至今对此所知甚少.本文试图基于实测水流与沉积筑料,系统地探讨既江河口推移质的造床作用.通过该河口沉积物中推移组分计算,结合悬移质粒度分析认为,推移质是既江河口主槽的主要造床物质,水下沙洲及拦门沙等堆积地貌亦系推移质造床的产物.文章进一步根据作者新近提出的方法,获得全年逐时推移质输沙率及逐潮输沙量,藉以初步揭示不同皿潮流组合下推移质运动的时变特性.     

高温堆球流模拟在堆物理中的应用

介绍了高温气冷球床反应堆物理计算中燃料元件流动特性模拟的方法,对10MW高温堆进行了计算,与未考虑堆芯中燃料曲线流动的简化计算结果进行了比较。