阿尔法磁谱仪配电系统的热控系统设计及实验研究

本文以阿尔法磁谱仪中的配电系统为研究对象,阐述了利用热管解决配电系统局部温度过高的热控问题。通过数值模拟,采用体点散热问题的仿生优化方法,获得了高导热性的热管在母板中的人工构造,构建了一种有效的热控系统。数值模拟和实验结果对比验证了数值模拟模型的可靠性和仿生优化方法的可行性,也说明了热管在均温和传热方面的优良作用。     

BOUNDED TRAVELING WAVE SOLUTIONS OF VARIANT BOUSSINESQ EQUATION WITH A DISSIPATION TERM AND DISSIPATION EFFECT

This article studies bounded traveling wave solutions of variant Boussinesq equation with a dissipation term and dissipation effect on them. Firstly, we make qualitative analysis to the bounded traveling wave solutions for the above equation by the theory and method of planar dynamical systems, and obtain their existent conditions, number, and general shape. Secondly, we investigate the dissipation effect on the shape evolution of bounded traveling wave solutions. We find out a critical value r*which can characterize the scale of dissipation effect, and prove that the bounded traveling wave solutions appear as kink profile waves if |r| ≥ r*; while they appear as damped oscillatory waves if |r| r*. We also obtain kink profile solitary wave solutions with and without dissipation effect. On the basis of the above discussion, we sensibly design the structure of the approximate damped oscillatory solutions according to the orbits evolution relation corresponding to the component u(ξ) in the global phase portraits, and then obtain the approximate solutions(u(ξ), H(ξ)). Furthermore,by using homogenization principle, we give their error estimates by establishing the integral equation which reflects the relation between exact and approximate solutions. Finally, we discuss the dissipation effect on the amplitude, frequency, and energy decay of the bounded traveling wave solutions.     

Cooling-induced increase of methane cluster size investigated under a Coulomb explosion scheme

In this letter, we discuss the increase in the average cluster size by lowering the stagnation temperature of the methane （CH4） gas. The Coulomb explosion experiments are conducted to estimate the cluster size and the size distribution. The average CH4 cluster sizes Nay of 6 230 and 6 580 are acquired with the source conditions of 30 bars at 240 K and 60 bars at 296 K, respectively. Empirical estimation suggests a five-fold increase in the average size of the CH4 clusters at 240 K compared with that at room temperature under a backing pressure of 30 bars. A strong nonlinear Hagena parameter relation （Г^＊∝ T0^-3.3） for the CH4 clusters is revealed. The results may be favorable for the production of large-sized clusters by using gases at low temperature and high back pressures.     

极限热环境下大功率PCB散热改进研究

通过改进太阳罩结构、改变PCB安装形式、设置隔热等方式,对大功率PCB在大空间极限热环境下的散热方式进行了优化和数值模拟。研究结果表明,根据不同发热电子元件的功率及其在PCB上的安装位置及与PCB的连接形式,采用上述措施,可以显著改善散热效果。     

共线式热电发电机在侧面散热情况下的性能

热电材料是一种环境友好型功能材料,其可以实现热能与电能的相互转化,在热电发电、热电制冷中具有许多应用.传统的热电发电机为$\pi$型结构,要求热电腿的长度相等,在某些情况该结构不利于热电发电机的优化设计.热电发电机在高温工况下会引起强烈的热应力甚至应力集中,从而缩短了其工作寿命.另外,热电发电机的工作温度于环境温度,这样必然会有一部分热量散失到环境中,从而影响热电发电机的性能.针对该现象,本文建立了考虑散热的新型共线式热电发电机模型,该模型的热电腿可以独立进行优化,基于有限元方法,对考虑侧面散热的共线式热电发电机进行了仿真模拟,分析了其在狄利克雷边界条件下的热电性能和力学性能,得到了热电发电机的温度场、电势场、应力场,探究了不同强度的对流散热系数对热电发电机热电性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明,对流散热会降低热电发电机的能量转化效率,当对流换热系数达到~100W/(m$^{2}\cdot$\textcelsius) 时,效率为~0.0479,该值比绝热状态的转化效率0.066 7 低28%.对流散热使热电发电机侧面热损失增加,降低了热应力.在实际应用中,应合理优化设计隔热系统,提高能量的转化效率.      

物体散热数据处理及散热机理比重探讨

一、问题的提出本人对测定不良导体导热系数实验的数据处理曾提出一改进方法，即用最小二乘法拟合的曲线来计算导热系数，而不是直接用实验点徒手描绘的散热降温曲线”’．分别基于空气对流散热和辐射散热所进行的数据处理得到的散热降温曲线具有不同特点，它们反映了散热的不同方面．单独用哪一种都不能准确地描述散热降温过程．但由于该实验中的温度测量范围比较小，不足依之为据定出所涉及的两种机理在降温过程中各占的比重．本文就在较大的温度范围内定量区分两种机理在散热过程中各自所占比重的可能性进行了探讨．二、理论分析与周围其…     

裂尖区内耗散热温度场的非接触式测量

在裂纹扩展过程中,由于材料内部的不可逆变形造成热耗散,所以在裂纹尖端区域内必须存在一个由内耗散热所形成的温度场。本文给出了测定这个温度场的方法和实测结果,讨论了内耗散热对裂纹扩展速度的影响,为研究材料的热力耦合效应提供了实验依据。     

基于分布式的热电制冷方案与效能分析

研究了单个热电制冷控制单元的设计原理和工作机制,详细分析了热电制冷单元散热模型和主要参数之间的关系式。在此基础上,提出了基于分布式的热电制冷控制单元的工作原理和制冷效果,并以非均匀产生热量的电子芯片为散热对象,论证了基于分布式热电制冷控制方案的可行性,并通过实验测试验证了制冷效率在非均匀产生热量的芯片中更高。     

High Efficiency Multi-kW Diode-Side-Pumped Nd：YAG Laser with Reduced Thermal Effect

We demonstrate a high efficiency multi-kW diode-side-pumped Nd：YAG laser. High cooling efficiency of the diode-side-pumped module in the laser is achieved. The middle portion of the Nd：YAG rod in the module is cooled by a coolant jet with screwed side surface, and the end-caps of the rod without screwed side surface are cooled by Au coated on the surface. The thermal effect of the laser rod is reduced, which leads to high output power with high optical-optical conversion efficiency. By using three identical Nd：YAG laser modules, an output power of 4.2 kW and beam quality of 58 mm＆#12539;mrad with an optical-optical efficiency of 35% at 1064 nm is obtained in a laser oscillator. By using four identical Nd：YAG laser modules, an output power of 3.1 kW and beam quality of 17 mm＆#12539;mrad with an optical-optical efficiency of 25.8% is demonstrated in a master oscillator power-amplifier system.     

微纳米电子器件散热过程中的物理问题

微纳米电子器件的散热问题是目前制约半导体工业发展的重要瓶颈.将电子器件工作时产生的热量传输到封装外壳后再耗散到环境中去需要好几个步骤,每个步骤需要不同的方法,其中有些步骤涉及到了固体中的界面热传导问题和高性能导热材料.文章先介绍了近期关于微纳米尺度器件散热问题中碰到的热传导问题在理论和实验两方面的研究进展.在热传导理论和计算方法方面,作者讨论了傅里叶定律在微纳米尺度的适用性,介绍了玻尔兹曼方程、分子动力学模拟和格林函数方法.在热传导实验方面,介绍了用扫描热显微镜测量样品表面温度和用超快激光反射法测量薄膜材料的热导率及其界面热阻.然后介绍了界面热传导问题,包括界面热阻的计算以及电子—声子相互作用对界面热阻的影响.最后作者介绍了关于高性能导热材料方面的最新进展,包括碳基导热材料、晶格结构类似于石墨烯的氮化硼材料、高分子有机材料以及界面热阻材料.