保乳手术与改良根治术治疗乳腺癌的效果探讨

目的探究保乳术以及改良根治术治疗乳腺癌的临床效果。方法抽取2013年9月至2015年1月在鹰潭市解放军第一八四医院接受治疗的96例乳腺癌患者,随机分成观察组和对照组。其中观察组采取保乳手术,对照组采取改良根治手术。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗效果优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论和利用改良根治手术相比,利用保乳手术治疗乳腺癌,其效果显著,还能够改善患者的心理状态。     

外伤性颅骨缺损并脑积水同期手术治疗分析

目的探讨同期手术治疗外伤性颅骨缺损并脑积水的临床疗效。方法从天津市北辰医院收治的外伤性颅骨缺损并脑积水的患者当中抽取84例作为临床研究对象,根据治疗方式不同分为两组,对照组42例,分期行脑室-腹腔分流术和颅骨修补术;观察组42例,同期行脑室-腹腔分流术和颅骨修补术,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果观察组患者的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,并发症发生率明显低于对照组,结果对比具有显著差异(P0.05)。结论同期手术治疗外伤性颅骨缺损并脑积水的临床效果良好。     

超声刀在甲状腺手术中保护喉返神经及入喉处甲状腺组织的应用效果观察

目的探讨超声刀在甲状腺手术中对于喉返神经及入喉处甲状腺组织的保护作用。方法选取2016年1月至12月间广东省遂溪县人民医院收治的120例甲状腺疾病的患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例,对照组采用传统电刀手术,观察组采用超声刀进行手术,比较两种手术方式的效果以及对喉返神经及入喉处甲状腺组织的影响。结果相较于传统电刀手术,采用超声刀可明显缩短腺体切除时间和手术总时间,减少术中出血量,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两种手术方式在术后引流量和住院时间方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者喉返神经损伤以及甲状旁腺功能低下的发生率低于对照组,但是两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),所有观察组患者的声音嘶哑现象均于术后3个月内恢复,而对照组有3例于3~6个月恢复,2例1年以上未好转。结论在甲状腺手术最终采用超声刀可明显缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,利于术中对喉返神经和入喉处甲状腺组织的辨认和保护,是一种安全可行的手术方法。     

Generation of 170-fs Laser Pulses at 1053nm by a Passively Mode-Locked Yb:YAG Laser

A novel method is developed to obtain 1.05μm laser operation with a Yb：YAG laser. By using a Yb：YAG crystal with proper length and doping concentration, a femtosecond Yb： YAG laser is realized at the central wavelength of 1053nm. The measured pulse duration and spectral bandwidth （FWHM） are 170fs and 7nm; the repetition rate is 80 MHz. Under a power pump of 2 W, an average mode-locking power of 180mW is achieved.     

一种可拆装式的脑外科手术用磁共振成像线圈

在临床磁共振成像(MRI)应用中,射频线圈的设计是非常关键的,针对不同的应用目的,合适的线圈能获得质量更好的图像. 有的应用需要线圈提供均匀性较好的射频场,而有的应用则需要线圈在特定区域内提供高的信噪比(SNR). 但是线圈很难同时得到好的射频场（B₁场）、空间均匀性和高的SNR,需要根据实际应用情况进行折衷设计. 针对MRI在脑外科手术中的应用特点,设计并制作了一种新颖的、适用于脑外科手术的MRI接收和发射共用射频线圈. 该线圈采用可分拆式结构,在脑外科手术支架上可以进行反复组装和拆卸,减少了MRI对医生手术的影响. 仿真结果和人体成像实验表明,该线圈能产生均匀的射频场、有较高的SNR和较大的成像范围,满足脑外科手术的需要.     

前、后路手术治疗颈脊髓损伤的效果比较

目的比较前、后路手术治疗颈脊髓损伤的临床效果。方法选取78例颈脊髓损伤患者,抽签随机分为两组,其中39例采用前路手术治疗患者记为前路术组,另外39例采用后路手术治疗记为后路术组,观察两组手术相关指标并结合术后有效随访比较治疗综合效果。结果前路术组手术时间(75.4±10.2)min、术中出血量(206.3±31.5)m L较后路术组明显较低,术后1年颈椎功能JOA评分(14.4±1.8)分较后路术组显著较高(P0.05);前路术组不良结果发生率5.13%较后路术组低(P0.05)。结论同后路手术相比,前路手术具有手术时间短、术中出血量少的特点,且能有效减少术后不良结果的发生,对病情康复和改善预后具有重要意义。     

Numerical analysis for the efficacy of nasal surgery in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

In the present study, we reconstructed upper airway and soft palate models of 3 obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome（OSAHS） patients with nasal obstruction. The airflow distribution and movement of the soft palate before and after surgery were described by a numerical simulation method. The curative effect of nasal surgery was evaluated for the three patients with OSAHS. The degree of nasal obstruction in the 3 patients was improved after surgery. For 2 patients with mild OSAHS, the upper airway resistance and soft palate displacement were reduced after surgery. These changes contributed to the mitigation of respiratory airflow limitation. For the patient with severe OSAHS, the upper airway resistance and soft palate displacement increased after surgery, which aggravated the airway obstruction. The effcacy of nasal surgery for patients with OSAHS is determined by the degree of improvement in nasal obstruction and whether the effects on the pharynx are beneficial. Numerical simulation results are consistent with the polysomnogram（PSG） test results, chief complaints, and clinical findings, and can indirectly reflect the degree of nasal patency and improvement of snoring symptoms, and further,provide a theoretical basis to solve relevant clinical problems.     

Recent advances of variational model in medical imaging and applications to computer aided surgery

In this paper, we review some mathematical models in medical image processing. Due to the superiority in modeling and computation, variational methods have been proven to be powerful techniques, which have been extremely popular and dramatically improved in the past two decades. On one hand, many models have been proposed for nearly all kinds of applications. On the other hand, a lot of models can be globally optimized and also many computation tools have been introduced. Under the variational framework, we focus on two basic problems in medical imaging: image restoration and segmentation, which are core components for kinds of specific tasks. For image restoration, we discuss some models on both additive and multiplicative noises. For image segmentation, we review some models on both whole image segmentation and specific target delineation, with the later being a key step in computer aided surgery. Additionally, we present some models on liver delineation and give their applications to living donor liver transplantation.