液粒凝固过程的动力学理论

在平均场的概念下对液态粒子的凝固过程提出了一个简化的液-固-气-雾(LSGF)数学模型,并在小过冷度的条件下,求出了有关初值问题的一致有效渐近解. 结果表明:整个动力学过程可以分为两个相互联结的时间阶段. (1) 液粒初始温度分布的瞬态过渡阶段. 在这个阶段,凝固尚未正式启动,只是系统内的温度从任意给定的初始分布迅速调整到某一特定空间分布. (2)液粒向固粒转变阶段. 在这一阶段,液-固两相开始分离,相界面逐渐向液粒中心传播,直至液相完全消失. 进而以铜为例,讨论了液态粒子在不同生长条件与物理参数下的凝固时间与凝固过程中的温度分布的演化规律.      

基于Newmark格式的多柔体系统子循环算法研究

提出一种基于Newmark积分格式的FMD(Flexible Multi-body Dynamics)子循环算法,可用于求解缩并型的FMD方程.推导了FMD方程中快变分量和慢变分量的同步更新及子步更新公式;在积分过程中,采用能量平衡计算校验算法的稳定性;结果表明该算法可以在保持合适的精度要求下,有效地提高计算效率.     

Two dimensional analytical solution for a partially vegetated compound channel flow

The theory of an eddy viscosity model is applied to the study of the flow in a compound channel which is partially vegetated. The governing equation is constituted by analyzing the longitudinal forces acting on the unit volume where the effect of the vegetation on the flow is considered as a drag force item, The compound channel is divided into 3 sub-regions in the transverse direction, and the coefficients in every region＇s differential equations were solved simultaneously. Thus, the analytical solution of the transverse distribution of the depth-averaged velocity for uniform flow in a partially vegetated compound channel was obtained. The results can be used to predict the transverse distribution of bed shear stress, which has an important effect on the transportation of sediment. By comparing the analytical results with the measured data, the analytical solution in this paper is shown to be sufficiently accurate to predict most hydraulic features for engineering design purposes.     

金华山软岩铁路隧道施工过程围岩屈服接近度分析

隧道施工过程中围岩处于复杂应力状态下,隧道围岩屈服区演化特征的确定对于围岩稳定性分析和开挖支护方案优化具有重要的意义。采用屈服接近度指标衡量围岩破坏接近程度可以合理地描述复杂应力状态下围岩的应力危险性,对Mohr-Coulomb类岩体材料的屈服接近度函数进行了相应的推导,并在非线性有限元用户子程序上编程予以实现。介绍了赣州-龙岩铁路DKl33+095～DKl38+237段软弱围岩单线隧道正台阶步施工方案以及湿喷纤维混凝土支护方案。为了对该隧道施工过程中隧道围岩屈服区的演化特征进行合理评价,采用非线性有限元法对软弱围岩条件下的铁路隧道施工过程进行了数值模拟,分析了施工过程中隧道围岩屈服接近度分布特征,判定了隧道台阶步施工过程中隧道围岩的稳定性。分析结果表明:该隧道施工过程中围岩破坏区主要发生在下台阶步施工过程中;屈服接近度指标比传统的塑性区分布提供的信息更加丰富,有利于工程技术人员定量地评价隧道开挖支护方案。     

缺口试件拉伸试验中的材料失效函数确定方法

为了能合理建立材料的失效函数,基于变形路径对延性损伤破坏影响的研究结果,结合数值模拟和优化方法,对几种典型缺口试件的拉伸颈缩破坏试验进行了分析,给出了缺口试件拉伸试验中的失效函数的计算方法.     

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通过Hilbert-Huang变换得到地震波的时间-频率-振幅分布图,并对地震动动力特性进 行分析,创造性地提出了用地震动峰值能量的最大值(即时频密度函数的最大值)和峰值系 数作为评估地震动震动效应强弱的定量指标,初步建立了地震动震动效应评估的判据;并用实 例验证了该判据的可行性和可靠性.     

光纤陀螺标度因数分段标定的工程实现

基于光纤陀螺标度因数存在非线性和不对称性,从工程实用角度出发,介绍了光纤陀螺速率标定方法,给出了光纤陀螺标度因数分段标定的工程实现方案,阐述了速率标定测试数据最优分段原则,找出了使分段标定后不连续光纤陀螺模型变成连续模型的解决措施.多个光纤陀螺速率标定的研究结果显示:分段标定能较大程度上减小光纤陀螺标度因数非线性度;利用实测数据进行离线导航计算的结果表明:对光纤陀螺标度因数分段标定能减小标度因数误差对导航精度的影响,文中分段标定方法切实可行.     

NORMAL EXPANSION THEORY FOR PENETRATION OF PROJECTILE AGAINST CONCRETE TARGET

Based on the equations which describe the dynamic behavior of material under high-velocity and high-pressure shock, corresponding equations at shock front whose surface is general space curve surface were established. For concrete material, a normal expansion theory was proposed by which some deceleration about time history of the projectile can be analytically given. This normal expansion theory is not only suitable for spherical and cylindrical-nose projectile, but also suitable for other general nose projectile, for example conical nose or ogive-nose. And it is not only suitable for perpendicular shock but also for oblique shock.     

BEHAVIOR OF OBSTRUCTED SQUARE BUOYANT VERTICAL JETS IN STATIC AMBIENT （Ⅰ）—— VERIFICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL METHOD

Some experiments were made for the buoyant jet from a square orifice with a square disc placed on it in static ambient and concentration along the axis in self-similar area behind disc was measured. And at the same time a three-dimensional mathematical model was established to simulate the whole flowing under different conditions. All the results predicted by the numerical calculation were substantiated by the experiments. The results were compared with experiential formula for obstructed round buoyant vertical jets in static ambient and it was found that the two concentration distributions had good accordance. Star shape of temperature isolines on cross-sections in the near areas from the disc was found and it was a very special figure for obstructed square buoyant vertical jets with a square disc. The shape will transform to concentric circles gradually alike to the round buoyant vertical jet in self-similar area with increasing of the distance from the disc.     

北斗双频组合动对动高精度相对定位新算法

针对动对动相对定位基线矢量实时变化导致整周模糊度浮点解在动态情况下难以快速精确求解的问题,提出了一种北斗双频动对动相对定位算法:对组合双差方程基线向量的系数矩阵进行奇异值分解,并变换组合双差方程以消除基线参量,将变参数估计问题转化为定参数估计问题,然后采用递推最小二乘算法实时推算组合模糊度的浮点解及其协方差矩阵,在此基础上,采用最小二乘模糊度降相关平差法(LAMBDA)搜索和固定组合模糊度。试验结果表明,该方法能够快速准确固定组合模糊度,与单频解算相比,初始化时间用时更短,基线误差在5 cm以内,能较好地适用于动对动相对定位。