不同LET射线对细胞的生物学效应

以人肝癌细胞系和正常肝细胞系为材料,报道了不同传能线密度射线辐射引发细胞染色体原初断裂及24 h内的修复情况。 计算了相对生物学效应的值。 以L02染色体总断裂数量得出的RBE值96.05 keV/μm的12C6+ 为3.6, 512 keV/μm 36Ar18+ 为2.9。 而以7721染色体总断裂数量得出的RBE值: 96.05 keV/μm的12C6+ 为3.5,512keV/μm 36Ar18+也为2.9。用产生等点染色单体断裂计算,则RBE更高。对比得出,高LET对增加等点染色单体断裂量的作用要远远大于对增加染色单体断裂量的作用。等点染色单体的断裂修复难度要远远大于染色单体断裂的修复难度, 这也是高LET高致死率的一个重要原因。 Human hepatoma SMMC 7721 and normal liver L02 cells were irradiated with γ rays,12C6+ and 36Ar18+ ion beams at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL). We reported the kinetic repair of chromosome breaks of L02 and SMMC 7721 cells in 24 h of post irradiation time. The relative biological effectiveness(RBE) for inducing chromatid breaks were 3.6 for L02 and 3.5 for SMMC 7721 cell lines at the linear energy transfer(LET) peak of 96.55 keV/μm 12C6+ ions, and 2.9 (both of the two cell lines) at 512 keV/μm 36Ar18+ ions.It suggested that the RBE of isochromatid type breaks induced by 36Ar18+ was higher than those by 12C6+. We concluded that the high production of isochromatid type breaks, induced by the densely ionizing track structure, could be regarded as a signature of high LET radiation exposure.     

激光扫描共聚焦显微技术对水稻不育系花粉减数分裂的特性研究

以不育系新稻97200A为材料,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜对其花粉母细胞减数分裂及成熟花粉育性进行观察研究,此外还调查了不育系自交结实率和人工授粉异交结实率。结果表明：不育系异常减数分裂占15.8%,包括拖拽染色体、落后染色体、三极纺锤体、染色体桥、微核和子染色体分离不同步等。成熟花粉育性检验典败花粉占6.15%,圆败花粉占10.26%,染败花粉占80.77%。绝大部分的花粉败育可能是由于减数分裂过程中出现的染色体异常配对、异常分裂、染色体断裂及细胞质分布不均匀等使得花粉粒发育不能正常进行而导致的。     

A Class of High-affinity Bicyclooctane G551D-CFTR Activators Identified by High Throughput Screening

The glycine-to-aspartic acid missense mutation at the codon 551(G551D) of the cystic fibrosis transmem-brane conductance regulator (CFTR) is one of the five most frequent cystic fibrosis (CF) mutations associated with a severe CF phenotype. To explore the feasibility of pharmacological correction of disrupted activation of CFTR chloride channel caused by G551D mutation, we developed a halide-sensitive fluorescence miniassay for G551D-CFTR in Fisher rat thyroid(FRT) epithelial cells for the discovery of novel activators of G551DCFTR. A class of bicyclooctane small molecule compounds that efficiently stimulate G551D-CFTR chloride channel activity was identified by high throughput screening via the FRT cell-based assay. This class of compounds selectively activates G551D-CFTR with a high affinity, whereas little effect of the compounds on wildtype CFTR can be seen. The discovery of a class of bicyclooctane G551D-CFTR activators will permit the analysis of structure-activity relationship of the compounds to identify ideal leads for in vivo therapeutic studies.     

6MeV/u 12C6+离子对四种作物种子的生物学效应研究

在中科院近代物理研究所兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)上,采用46.6MeV/u~(12)C~(6+)离子对四种不同作物种子进行了生物学效应研究,结果表明:重离子的轰击和贯穿,不仅会在种子表面外貌而且也对种子内部细胞造成严重损伤,重离子对种子萌发能力和生长发育均有明显的抑制作用,对生物功能也有影响;在种子的根尖细胞中出现的染色体畸变具有多种类型,而且畸变频率明显高于对照组。重离子对多种细胞器也产生了严重损伤,受损DNA具有一定的修复能力,测定了四种作物种子的半致死剂量及失活截面,找到了四种作物之间辐射敏感性的差异,讨论了细胞器损伤与生理过程异常的关系和受损DNA的修复过程。 The biological effects of 46.6MeV/u ~(12)C~(6+) ions on four kinds of plant seeds were studiedat HIRFL of Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Academia Sinica. The results indicate that seriousinjuries were presented on not only external features of the seeds but also internal cells due to the bombardment and penetration of the ions. The heavy ions can significantly inhibitgermination and growth of the seeds and can affect physiological functions. In root tip cells ofirradiated seeds...     

浙江萧山、舟山及福建集美臭鼬核型比较研究

对浙江萧山、舟山及福建集美三地臭的进行了染色体组型和带型分析,结果表明,三地臭晌染色体数目均为2n=40,浙江两地常染色体组型为8(m)十2 (sm)十10(st)十18(t),集美组型为8(m)+2(sm)+8(st) }- 20(t),性染色体除萧山标本X染色体为sm外,其余均为m. G带丰富,C带物质普遍缺乏.三地G,C带差异主要表现在性染色体上,尤其是Y染色体变异较大.核型比较初步显示三地臭的种群巳有不同程度的地理分化,尤以福建集美更为明显.     

带特征染色体的遗传算法与支持向量机结合进行生物水质预警的研究

近年来水污染事件频发, 给人类饮用水安全带来巨大隐患, 而生物监测法能够从生物学角度对水质状况做出综合分析. 选取斑马鱼作为受试生物, 当水质发生变化时, 鱼群在毒性物质作用下产生应激反应, 此时运用图像处理技术量化鱼类群体行为参数; 并用带特征染色体的遗传算法与支持向量机相融合的方法进行特征选择和SVM参数优化, 分析影响水质预警的关键量化参数. 结果显示, 新方法与网格搜索法、不带特征染色体的遗传算法与SVM结合的方法相比较, 有更高的准确率.     

微量元素锰对机体的影响

当人体内缺乏微量元素锰时，各组织器官就会产生许多不良反应．锰是人体必需微量元素，富锰中药是治疗锰缺乏症的最有效的药物之一．     

超声检查在孕妇产前诊断中的应用价值

选择2460例孕妇为研究对象,探讨超声检查在孕妇产前诊断中的应用价值.孕妇20?28孕周时利用超声心电图对胎儿的先天性心脏病进行诊断,11?32孕周时利用超声对畸形胎儿进行检查,18?23孕周时对超声提示结构畸形的孕妇进行染色体侵入检查.结果发现,最终诊断出110例先天性心脏病胎儿,超声心电图检查共检出102例,诊断准...     

染色体的显微光谱

利用显微光谱技术在可见光范围内测定了蚕豆根尖染色体，小白鼠髓细胞染色体和小白鼠骨髓细胞微核的光谱，其光谱形状各具有特征，峰值亦有差异。