合成CFC-12替代物HFC-134a的CrF_3/AlF_3催化剂研究(Ⅴ)──CrF_3与AlF_3的相互作用

由于氟氯烃（ＣＦＣｓ）对大气臭氧层的破坏作用，使得开发ＣＦＣｓ无污染替代品的研究成为热门课题［１～４］．氢氟烃（ＨＦＣｓ，如ＨＦＣ－１３４ａ）是ＣＦＣｓ的理想替代物．在氟氯交换合成ＨＦＣ－１３４ａ的反应中，ＡｌＦ３基催化剂的活性、稳定性明显优于ＣｒＦ...     

有机硅反应活性中间体的研究Ⅶ: 二(α-呋喃基)硅烯与烯烃加成反应的立体化学

硅烯是有机硅化学中一类基本的反应活性中间体.在研究硅烯与烯烃加成反应的立体化学过程中,我们曾研究了二苯基硅烯、苯基环丙基硅烯与烯加成反应的立体化学.近年来,Gaspar和Boudjouk分别报道了含大体积取代基的硅烯,如二金刚烷基硅烯、二叔丁基硅烯与烯烃的加成反应.我们从取代基的电子效应考虑曾研究了2-苯基-2-(a-噻吩基)六甲基三硅烷的光解,发现反应是自由基机理.氧和硫同属第Ⅵ主族,与噻吩相对应的含呋喃环三硅烷的光解又如何呢?因此,我们又设计并合成了二(α-呋喃基)硅烯的前体,2,2-二(α-呋喃基)六甲基三硅烷(1),并研究了这种硅烯与烯烃加成的立体化学.当1在光照下与trans-2-丁烯或cis-2-丁烯反应,所得硅杂环丙烷衍生物用甲醇开环时,得到了相同的2-丁基-二(α-呋喃基)甲氧基硅烷(3).     

取（2,5—二甲基）对苯硫醚的合成研究

本法是用硫磺，氯和对二甲苯为原料，无水三氯化铁作催化剂，在有机溶剂三氯甲烷中合成聚（２，５－二甲基）－对苯硫醚，在２５－７０℃缩聚反应５－６ｈ得到浅黄色的ＤＭＰＰＳ树脂原粉。该树脂经红外光谱，激光拉曼光谱，Ｘ－射线衍射光谱和差热分析结果表明：该树脂为线型，结晶性的且无双硫键，熔点３０６℃比聚苯硫醚高。     

再生气氛对HDN催化剂再生性能的影响

采用不同手段研究了催化剂反应前后及在Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｎ２介质中再生时催化剂性质和表面原子浓度及其颁的变化。ＢＥＴ结果表明，Ｎ２介质中再生，催化剂的孔径基本没有变化，而Ｈ２Ｏ介质中再生的催化剂孔径明显增大，化学组成分析结果说明，长期运转使用后的催化剂在２和Ｈ２Ｏ介质中再生后其活性组分均有少量流失。电子探针的结果表明，结炭后的催化剂活性组分很不均匀，在Ｎ２和Ｈ２Ｏ介质中再生后其分布得到了明显改善，但仍不如新鲜     

高熵纳米合金在电化学催化中的应用

The implementation of clean energy techniques, including clean hydrogen generation, use of solar-driven photovoltaic hybrid systems, photochemical heat generation as well as thermoelectric conversion, is crucial for the sustainable development of our society. Among these promising techniques, electrocatalysis has received significant attention for its ability to facilitate clean energy conversion because it promotes a higher rate of reaction and efficiency for the associated chemical transformations. Noble-metal-based electrocatalysts typically show high activity for electrochemical conversion processes. However, their scarcity and high cost limit their applications in electrocatalytic devices. To overcome this limitation, binary catalysts prepared by alloying with transition metals can be used. However, optimization of the activity of the binary catalysts is considerably limited because of the presence of the miscibility gap in the phase diagram of binary alloys. The activity of binary electrocatalysts can be attributed to the adsorption energy of molecules and intermediates on the surface. High-entropy alloys (HEAs), which consist of diverse elements in a single NP, typically exhibit better physical and/or chemical properties than their single-element counterparts, because of their tunable composition and inherent surface complexity. Further, HEAs can improve the performance of binary electrocatalysts because they exhibit a near-continuous distribution of adsorption energy. Recently, HEAs have gained considerable attention for their application in electrocatalytic reactions. This review summarizes recent research advances in HEA nanostructures and their application in the field of electrocatalysis. First, we introduce the concept, structure, and four core effects of HEAs. We believe that this part will provide the basic information about HEAs. Next, we discuss the reported top-down and bottom-up synthesis strategies, emphasizing on the carbothermal shock method, nanodroplet-mediated electrodeposition, fast moving bed pyrolysis, polyol process, and dealloying. Other methods such as combinatorial co-sputtering, ultrashort-pulsed laser ablation, ultrasonication-assisted wet chemistry, and scanning-probe block copolymer lithography are also highlighted. Among these methods, wet chemistry has been reported to be effective for the formation of nano-scale HEAs because it facilitates the concurrent reduction of all metal precursors to form solid-solution alloys. Next, we present the theoretical investigation of HEA nanocatalysts, including their thermodynamics, kinetic stability, and adsorption energy tuning for optimizing their catalytic activity and selectivity. To elucidate the structure–property relationship in HEAs, we summarize the research progress related to electrocatalytic reactions promoted by HEA nanocatalysts, including the oxygen reduction reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, methanol oxidation reaction, and CO₂ reduction reaction. Finally, we discuss the challenges and various strategies toward the development of HEAs.     

设计精彩开场白引导物理兴趣心

物理课堂的开场白是一项非常重要的教学艺术,精彩、高超、新颖、别致的开场白,必然能够唤起学生的学习兴趣,收到先声夺人、一举成功的效果.直观、趣味的开场白,诱导学生变枯燥抽象的原理学习为生动活泼的规律探索,造就学生的知识饥饿感,促其产生强烈的求知欲.积极、和谐的开场白,影响着学生     

催化剂对热蒸发法生长SnO2纳米晶体质量的影响及其发光光谱研究

用热蒸发法制备了SnO2纳米结构,并用光致发光方法研究了其光谱特性.发现有催化剂条件下制备的SnO2纳米带的发光主峰为3.68 eV,正对应SnO2纳米晶体的带隙能量;而无催化条件下制备的SnO2纳米晶体的发光则以氧空位、悬键和表面态发光为主.并且前者的发光效率比后者提高近两个数量级,这些实验结果说明在有催化条件下制备了高质量的SnO2纳米带.另外,对其发光光谱进行了Gauss拟合,从拟合结果发现了(101)和(101)T孪生晶面的表面态的发光峰.     

专利

一种水体化学需氧量快速测定装置公开号:CN101900681A公开日:2010.12.01申请人:哈尔滨工业大学摘要一种水体化学需氧量快速测定装置,属于化学分析仪器,解决现有的光催化COD测定装置采用粉末TiO2和附着于反应器壁的TiO2薄膜做为催化剂,粉末TiO2易凝聚、难分离、易失