Phase Transitions in Emulsions Formed by Aqueous Emulsifier and its Action on Improving Mobility in Oil Recovery

Transition from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions to water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions and its action on enhanced oil recovery was investigated by viscosity, morphology, and simulated flooding experiments. This transition can be realized by increasing the volume ratio of oil to water or decreasing the emulsifier concentration. At a mass concentration of 0.3 wt%, the self-developed emulsifier FJ-1 mainly forms O/W emulsions at a volume ratio (oil to water) of 1:1. The emulsions behave as O/W emulsions with a low viscosity when the volume ratio of oil to water is below 2:1. Above 2:1, increasing volume ratio leads to the O/W emulsions transferring into W/O emulsions with high viscosity. For example, at a volume fraction of 4:1, the viscosity of W/O emulsions reaches 229.1 mPa · s, and separated water can hardly be detected. Transition from O/W emulsions to W/O emulsions with high viscosity can also be realized by decreasing the concentration of emulsifier to 0.05 wt% or lower at a volume ratio of 1:1. These may be the critical factors leading to transition from O/W emulsions to W/O emulsions at core conditions. Simulated flooding experiments show that emulsifier fluids can act as an in situ mobility improver and make an improvement of oil recovery even by 20.4%. The results indicate that the water-in-crude-oil emulsions possess great potential in enhancing oil recovery.     

关于Kantorovi变形算子逼近的性质定理

本文得到了 Kantorovi变形算子 P*n ( f ;x )对 Lipschiz函数 f( x)映射的不变性质 ,而 Bernstem -Kantorovi- Bézier变形算子对 f ( x)∈ C[0 ,1]的逼近 ,则改进了原有的估计     

A composite-structured-light 3D measurement method based on fringe parameter calibration

This paper proposes a novel method for reducing measurement error caused by spectrum overlapping in composite-structured-light 3D measurement systems. For a composite-structured-light 3D measurement system, spectrum overlapping causes parameters of each deformed phase-shifting fringe to change, and therefore leads to phase measurement errors. The proposed fringe parameter calibration method is based on the fact that variations in each deformed fringe's parameters are independent of height and reflectivity of the measured object. Three frames of composite grating are projected on the reference plane, and each carrier channel includes the information of three phase-shifting sinusoidal gratings used in Phase Measuring Profilometry (PMP). With the parameter calculation formulas of PMP, the parameters of fringes demodulated from the same carrier channel can be calculated, and therefore parameter relation coefficients between fringes demodulated from different carrier channels may be obtained. When an object is measured, these relation coefficients can be used to calibrate the parameters of the deformed phase-shifting fringes. A new 3D measurement mathematical model is established to reconstruct the shape of the object. Experimental data proved that the proposed method can effectively restrain the effect of spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy by more than three times.     

从定理的简单证明中启发学生的创新思维

这篇文章从目前线性代数教学改革和教学实际出发,对课堂教学进行研究,力求提高课堂教学效率,培养学生的创新思维。为此,提供了三个定理的新的简单证明方法。用启发式教学达到了三个主要目的：1.培养学生的创新思维;2.调动学生的学习积极性;3.提高课堂教学效率。     

TLC-SERS法快速检测改善睡眠类保健食品中四种化学成分

建立薄层色谱(TLC)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用技术对改善睡眠类保健食品中四种非法添加化学成分(三唑仑、艾司唑仑、氯硝西泮及奥沙西泮)的快速检测新方法。以环己烷-乙酸乙酯-乙醇(5∶3.5∶2)为展开剂,利用 TLC 将添加成分与保健食品基质初步分离,在UV_{254 nm}下检测定位;以780 nm激光为激发波长,水相银溶胶为表面增强剂,采用SERS法对TLC上的微量添加成分定性检测。通过模拟阳性样品实验,考察保健食品基质对添加成分TLC-SERS的影响,并考察四种化学成分的检测限。建立了改善睡眠类保健品中非法添加四种化学成分的TLC-SERS检测方法。四种添加成分的TLC-SERS与相应对照品的拉曼光谱特征峰存在明显相关性;保健食品的基质对添加成分的检测几乎没有干扰;四种化学成分的检测限为1～4 μg。最后,对市售五种改善睡眠类保健食品进行检测,均不存在非法添加情况。该研究利用TLC与SERS相结合的方法应用于改善睡眠类保健食品中掺杂化学成分的快速检测,并获得了镇静安眠类共四种化药的TLC-SERS谱,建立了改善睡眠类保健食品中非法添加三唑仑等四种化药的检测方法;该法专属、灵敏、快速、简单,并且没有显著的检测时间限制,为改善睡眠类保健食品中掺杂化学成分的现场检测方法研究提供新的参考依据。     

一种提高国产ADC模块采样精度的方法

为解决武器装备自主可控问题,以国产的处理器和多通道模数转换器（ADC）为核心,设计了一种完全国产化的多通道模拟信号采集模块。由于目前国产模拟芯片特别是模数转换器的精度指标较差,造成模拟信号采集模块精度较低,实用性较差。为提高采样精度,首先在采样时采用递推平均滤波方法,抑制采集信号中的周期性干扰,降低采集的随机误差。其次,对预先测量的几组数值进行一元线性回归,据此对采样值进行最小二乘估计,降低采集的固有偏置误差和增益误差。试验结果表明,该多通道模拟信号采集模块可同时采集多路模拟信号,采样精度高,最大采集误差由0.8%降低到0.12%,并且该模块通道间一致性好,可靠性高,国产化率达到100%,在武器装备中有良好的应用前景。     

Shifted-phase calibration for a 3-D shape measurement system based on orthogonal composite grating projection

This paper proposes a novel method for reducing measurement error caused by spectrum overlapping in orthogonal-composite-grating-based 3-D measurement method. For 3-D measurement systems based on orthogonal composite grating projection, spectrum overlapping causes phase of each deformed phase-shifting fringe changed differently, which violates the principle that the shifted phases between adjacent deformed fringes must be equivalent to 2π/3, and therefore results in phase measurement error. The proposed shifted-phase calibration method is based on that phase variation of each deformed fringe is independent of height and reflectivity of the measured object. Three composite gratings are projected on the reference plane, and each carrier channel includes three phase-shifting gratings needed in phase measuring profilometry (PMP). Because the adjacent phase-shifting fringes demodulated from the same carrier channel have the phase difference of 2π/3, we can respectively calculate the reference plane's phases of three carrier channels by the phase algorithm of PMP method, and the shifted phases between them are obtained. When an object is measured, the shifted phases between deformed phase-shifting fringes can be calibrated. A new 3-D measurement mathematical model is set to reconstruct object. Our experiments prove that the proposed method can effectively restrain the effect of spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy almost one times.