无压浸渍锰白铜合金-W2C复合涂层的磨损特性研究

采用无压浸渍工艺在45#钢表面制备锰白铜合金-W2C复合涂层,考察了比压、转速及W2C颗粒尺寸对复合涂层耐磨性的影响,并与目前钻机刹车盘用16Mn钢材料的耐磨性进行对比.结果表明:在给定的试验条件下,采用2种不同W2C颗粒粒度的复合涂层的磨损量均随比压及转速的增加而增大;W2C粒度大的涂层由于W2C颗粒在锰白铜基体中分布均匀,形成较好的骨架结构,弥散强化作用较好,比W2C粒度小的涂层具有更优异的耐磨性;由于W2C颗粒能够削弱磨粒的微切削作用,抑制裂纹扩展,其涂层耐磨性比16Mn钢提高10～50倍.     

咪唑啉硼酸酯的制备及其减摩抗磨机理研究

合成出4种咪唑啉硼酸酯润滑油添加剂,在四球摩擦磨损试验机和SRV微动摩擦磨损试验机上评价了4种添加剂在液体石蜡中的摩擦磨损性能,考察了其抗腐蚀性及热稳定性,并采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪观察分析钢球磨损表面形貌及其表面膜中元素的化学状态.结果表明,所合成的添加剂具有良好的抗腐蚀性和热稳定性及极压抗磨减摩性能.这归因于含MBA-2的液体石蜡在摩擦过程中发生摩擦化学反应并生成由B2O3、氧化铁及含氮有机物等组成的混合膜.     

基于背景色彩识别的磨粒图像分割方法

针对铁谱图像背景色彩相对单一的特点,设计了1种基于背景色彩识别的磨粒图像分割方法,采用该方法对轴尖-宝石轴承的润滑油铁谱图像进行图像分割,并用所得磨粒覆盖面积推算轴尖磨损量.通过大量磨粒图像分割实践表明,所设计的方法具有精度高、计算速度快及适应性强等优点.定量磨损分析表明,该摩擦副的磨损进程极为缓慢.     

Reliability of Clinician-Based (GRBAS and CAPE-V) and Patient-Based (V-RQOL and IPVI) Documentation of Voice Disorders

This study examined the reliability of two methods for documenting voice quality by clinicians and compared the methods for documenting patients' perceptions of voice quality. It involved a prospective reliability study and a retrospective chart review. Reliability of two clinician-based voice assessment protocols-Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (GRBAS) and Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation-Voice (CAPE-V)-was evaluated. These two protocols were then compared after use in voice assessments of 42 males and 61 females performed by a certified speech-language pathologist specializing in the assessment of voice disorders. In addition, two patient-based scales (Voice Related Quality of Life, or V-RQOL, and Iowa Patient's Voice Index, or IPVI) obtained from the same patients were compared with each other and with the clinician-based scales. Reliability of clinicians' ratings of overall severity of dysphonia using GRBAS and CAPE-V scales was very good (r>0.80). Agreement between V-RQOL Total scores and IPVI ratings of the patient's perceptions of impact of dysphonia was less strong (Spearman's r=-0.76). There was relatively weak agreement between patient-based and clinician-based scales. Clinician's perceptions of dysphonia appeared to be reliable and unaffected by rating tool, as indicated by the high level of agreement between the two rating systems when they were used together. The CAPE-V system appeared to be more sensitive to small differences within and among patients than the GRBAS system. The V-RQOL and IPVI approaches to documenting patient's perceptions of dysphonia agreed less well possibly due to differences in patient dependence on voice and on interpretation of the rating tool items. The differences between clinician-based and patient-based data support the conclusion that clinicians and patients experience and consider dysphonia very differently.     

Electro-spark alloying using graphite electrode on titanium alloy surface for biomedical applications

In order to improve the biomedical properties of a titanium alloy surface, electro-spark surface alloying was carried out using a graphite electrode in air, in a nitrogen gas atmosphere and in silicone oil. The morphology and microstructure of the strengthened layers were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hardness distributions as a function of depth were measured by a micro-hardness tester. Corrosion resistance capacities of the modified layers were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, wear resistance and corrosive wear properties in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were studied with a pin-on-disk tribometer. Alloyed layers, completely covering the substrate surface and about 40 μm thick mainly composed of the TiC phase and with strong metallurgical bonding and adhesion to the substrate, were obtained. This can markedly improve hardness and wear resistance of the surface layer of the substrate. In comparison to coatings prepared in air and nitrogen gas atmospheres, the coating produced in silicone oil media exhibits a denser and more perfect surface structure. The wear resistance in air and corrosive wear resistance in SBF solution is the best for the coating produced in silicone oil. For instance, the wear rate in air with a GCr15 steel ball counterpart is reduced by a factor of 29 compared with the original titanium alloy and the corrosive wear rate in SBF solution with a corundum ball can decrease by a factor of 13.8. Simultaneously, the effect of electron-spark surface alloying of the titanium alloy surface on biocompatibility and biological activity was also investigated. The electron-spark surface strengthened layer treated in silicone oil shows good biocompatibility and biological activity, and can help cell attachment to the substrate surface.     

The Effect of Combining Post-Harvest Calcium Nanoparticles with a Salicylic Acid Treatment on Cucumber Tissue Breakdown via Enzyme Activity during Shelf Life

In the present study, an experiment was carried out on the postharvest of cucumber fruit during a 14-day shelf life. The aim was to assess the impact of calcium nanoparticles (CaNPs) blended with different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) on the shelf life of cucumbers during the seasons of 2018 and 2019. The investigation further monitored the influences of CaNPs-SA on some physical properties of cucumber, including the percentage weight loss, color, and fruit firmness. In addition, chemical properties, such as total soluble solids (SSC%), total acidity (TA%), total soluble sugars, and chlorophyll pigmentation of the fruit skin, were assessed during a 14-day shelf lifeCell wall degradation enzymes (CWEAs) such as polygalacturonase (PG), cel-lulase (CEL), xylanase (XYL), and pectinase (PT) were also researched. In addition, the generation rates of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− were calculated, as well as the reduction of DPPH. The lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and cell membrane permeability (IL%) of cell wall composites were also determined. CaNPs-SA at 2 mM suppressed CWEAs, preserved fruit quality, reduced weight loss throughout the shelf-life period, and reduced the percent leakage value. At this concentration, we also found the lowest levels of MDA and the highest levels of DPPH.     

恒应力加速寿命试验中无失效数据的处理

对恒应力加速寿命试验中W eibu ll分布无失效数据,合理地构造了失效概率的两种先验分布,并结合现场试验数据,利用极大似然方法和Bayes方法对该组无失效数据进行了处理,所得结果表明本文给出的方法是正确可行的.     

Blow-Up of Solutions for a Singular Nonlocal Viscoelastic Equation

We study the nonlinear one-dimensional viscoelastic nonlocal problem： uff-1/x（xux）x＋∫t0g（t-s）1/x）xux（x,s））xds=｜u｜p-2u,
with a nonlocal boundary condition. By the method given in [1, 2], we prove that there are solutions, under some conditions on the initial data, which blow up in finite time with nonpositive initial energy as well as positive initial energy. Estimates of the lifespan of blow-up solutions are also given. We improve a nonexistence result in Mesloub and Messaoudi [3].     

应对长寿风险的分红年金:随机精算建模与应用

我国的商业养老保险作为养老金体系的重要组成部分,在实践中的发展比较缓慢,原因之一是保险公司缺乏长寿风险管理的经验。本文将探索我国商业养老保险使用分红年金管理长寿风险的可行性。研究该分红年金在给付规则和分红来源方面的特征,并基于实际数据,构建动态随机死亡率模型和随机收益率模型,采用蒙特卡洛随机模拟方法,比较分红年金和传统年金在待遇分布、资产和损失分布、破产概率等方面的特征,得出分红年金能够在精算公平原则下有效应对长寿风险,并且在待遇给付、偿付能力和盈利能力方面具有明显优势的结论。     

基于DEM-CFD耦合的泵内颗粒流动特性研究

随着我国加快深海、深地资源的开发力度,对此类应用环境下的液体提升泵的可靠性提出了更高的要求。而泵内固体颗粒引起的磨损破坏是其中一个严重问题。本文基于DEM-CFD耦合方法,针对自开发的两级混流泵研究了颗粒在泵内部与流体相互作用下的流动特性和对泵的磨损规律,并基于该泵分析了不同颗粒形状、颗粒浓度下的运动特性和泵磨损分布,发现颗粒主要沿着叶轮工作面以及导叶凹面运动,且随着浓度增加,磨损速率会逐渐达到一个饱和值。本文分析探讨了颗粒在泵内的流动特性、颗粒与叶轮导叶发生碰撞的形式及磨损严重区域,对设计抗磨损多级混流泵提供了理论支撑。