基于多DSP的车轮外形磨耗动态检测系统

针对矿井绞车车轮外形磨耗动态检测问题,构建了由线状光源、CCD、多DSP图像处理子系统等组成的系统.对于车轮磨耗图像的获得和外形曲线的提取,重点阐述了多DSP处理系统在绞车车轮外形磨耗实时检测中的设计问题.车轮外形的提取采用了一种梯度边缘检测算法来实现,并给出了磨耗值计算的变换矩阵.初步试验表明该系统的检测误差不大于0.3 mm.     

Are Words the Quanta of Human Language? Extending the Domain of Quantum Cognition

In previous research, we showed that ‘texts that tell a story’ exhibit a statistical structure that is not Maxwell–Boltzmann but Bose–Einstein. Our explanation is that this is due to the presence of ‘indistinguishability’ in human language as a result of the same words in different parts of the story being indistinguishable from one another, in much the same way that ’indistinguishability’ occurs in quantum mechanics, also there leading to the presence of Bose–Einstein rather than Maxwell–Boltzmann as a statistical structure. In the current article, we set out to provide an explanation for this Bose–Einstein statistics in human language. We show that it is the presence of ‘meaning’ in ‘texts that tell a story’ that gives rise to the lack of independence characteristic of Bose–Einstein, and provides conclusive evidence that ‘words can be considered the quanta of human language’, structurally similar to how ‘photons are the quanta of electromagnetic radiation’. Using several studies on entanglement from our Brussels research group, we also show, by introducing the von Neumann entropy for human language, that it is also the presence of ‘meaning’ in texts that makes the entropy of a total text smaller relative to the entropy of the words composing it. We explain how the new insights in this article fit in with the research domain called ‘quantum cognition’, where quantum probability models and quantum vector spaces are used in human cognition, and are also relevant to the use of quantum structures in information retrieval and natural language processing, and how they introduce ‘quantization’ and ‘Bose–Einstein statistics’ as relevant quantum effects there. Inspired by the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics, and relying on the new insights, we put forward hypotheses about the nature of physical reality. In doing so, we note how this new type of decrease in entropy, and its explanation, may be important for the development of quantum thermodynamics. We likewise note how it can also give rise to an original explanatory picture of the nature of physical reality on the surface of planet Earth, in which human culture emerges as a reinforcing continuation of life.     

Comparative Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Sporulated Oocysts and Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii Reveals Stage-Specific Patterns

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan of severe threat to humans and livestock, whose life history harbors both gamic and apogamic stages. Chinese 1 (ToxoDB#9) was a preponderant genotype epidemic in food-derived animals and humans in China, with a different pathogenesis from the strains from the other nations of the world. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins were critical mediators of the biology, developmental transforms, and pathogenesis of protozoan parasites. The phosphoprotein profiling and the difference between the developmental phases of T. gondii, contributing to development and infectivity, remain unknown. A quantitative phosphoproteomic approach using IBT integrated with TiO₂ affinity chromatography was applied to identify and analyze the difference in the phosphoproteomes between the sporulated oocysts and the tachyzoites of the virulent ToxoDB#9 (PYS) strain of T. gondii. A total of 4058 differential phosphopeptides, consisting of 2597 upregulated and 1461 downregulated phosphopeptides, were characterized between sporulated the oocysts and tachyzoites. Twenty-one motifs extracted from the upregulated phosphopeptides contained 19 serine motifs and 2 threonine motifs (GxxTP and TP), whereas 16 motifs identified from downregulated phosphopeptides included 13 serine motifs and 3 threonine motifs (KxxT, RxxT, and TP). Beyond the traditional kinases, some infrequent classes of kinases, including Ab1, EGFR, INSR, Jak, Src and Syk, were found to be corresponding to motifs from the upregulated and downregulated phosphopeptides. Remarkable functional properties of the differentially expressed phosphoproteins were discovered by GO analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and STRING analysis. S8GFS8 (DNMT1-RFD domain-containing protein) and S8F5G5 (Histone kinase SNF1) were the two most connected peptides in the kinase-associated network. Out of these, phosphorylated modifications in histone kinase SNF1 have functioned in mitosis and interphase of T. gondii, as well as in the regulation of gene expression relevant to differentiation. Our study discovered a remarkable difference in the abundance of phosphopeptides between the sporulated oocysts and tachyzoites of the virulent ToxoDB#9 (PYS) strain of T. gondii, which may provide a new resource for understanding stage-specific differences in PTMs and may enhance the illustration of the regulatory mechanisms contributing to the development and infectivity of T. gondii.     

基于摩擦磨损的KDP晶体固结磨料抛光垫优化

本文通过固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨的单因素试验探究固结磨料球中反应物种类、磨粒浓度、反应物浓度、基体硬度对摩擦系数、磨痕截面积和磨痕处粗糙度的影响,试验结果表明:KHCO₃固结磨料球对磨后磨痕对称性好,磨痕处的粗糙度值低;磨痕截面积随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加而增大,随基体硬度的增大而降低;磨痕处粗糙度随磨粒和反应物浓度的增加先降低后上升,随基体硬度的增大先上升后降低;摩擦系数受磨粒和反应物浓度影响不明显,随基体硬度的增大而降低。选择KHCO₃作为反应物,Ⅰ基体,磨粒浓度为基体质量的100%,反应物浓度为15%制备固结磨料球与KDP晶体对磨后的磨痕轮廓对称度好且磨痕处粗糙度值低,以该组分制备固结磨料垫干式抛光KDP晶体,可实现晶体表面粗糙度Sa值为18.50 nm,材料去除率为130 nm/min的高效精密加工。     

Characteristic material parameters of CIGS solar cell related with device performance

CIGS solar cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the range of 1.82%–12.30% were obtained by using two-step process, and were further analyzed through various measurement techniques. Material parameters showed diverse values and some trends depending on the device performance. The lower performance device showed small integrated PL intensity, short minority life time, larger defect density and lower activation energy, whereas the higher performance device showed opposite values. We investigated relationship between material parameters and PCE of solar cells, and found that some physical parameters such as integrated PL intensity, minority life time, defect density, and difference between band gap and activation energy (E_g-E_a), which all reflect defect states in bulk and at pn interface, are strongly related with PCE and would be used as a good indicator to evaluate device performance quickly.     

Penta-coordinate phosphorous compounds and biochemistry

The relationship between penta-coordinate phosphorus compounds and biochemistry is briefly reviewed. Some interesting phenomena such as peptide formation, ester formation, ester exchange on phosphorus and N to O migration occur at room temperature when the amino group of amino acid is associated with phosphoryl group. Serine or threonine in conjugate of nucleo-side-amino acid could recognize different nucleobases. N-phosphoryl Histine and Ser-His dipep-tide could cleavage nucleic acid, protein and ester in neutral medium. It is found that the above phenomena all undergo penta-coordinate intermediate of phosphorus atom, which is proposed as the key factor to determine their activities.     

炭纤维织物/环氧树脂基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了炭纤维织物/环氧(CF/EP)复合材料与45#钢在环-环端面干摩擦状态下的摩擦磨损特性,考查了制备工艺和MoS2与石墨不同配比等对CF/EP复合材料干摩擦性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料及其偶件磨损表面形貌.结果表明:半干法制备的环氧树脂体积分数为40%的CF/EP复合材料的摩擦系数稳定;纯CF/EP复合材料主要表现为粘着磨损特性;MoS2与石墨改性后复合材料摩擦磨损性能明显改善,质量比为1.5∶1的MoS2与石墨改性CF/EP复合材料具有最佳的摩擦磨损性能,其稳态摩擦系数为0.14～0.15,磨损量3.15×10-5 mg/r.     

轧辊用高钒高速钢的滚-滑动磨损性能及失效行为研究

在高应力滚-滑动(滑动率约10%)条件下,利用自制的磨损试验机研究了高钒高速钢的磨损性能,并利用电子显微镜分析了失效行为.结果表明:高钒高速钢的相对耐磨性是高铬铸铁(Cr20)的2倍以上.磨损失效形式为显微切削与疲劳剥落的复合,兼有碳化物碎裂.碳化物对磨损失效有重要作用,高铬铸铁中的杆状M7C3型碳化物易于弯曲、碎裂而在其内部形成大量裂纹,促进磨损表面产生大块的疲劳剥落;高钒高速钢中团块状VC硬度高、形态好、具有精细亚结构、不易碎裂,可有效地抵御显微切削和疲劳剥落,是高钒高速钢耐磨性优良的原因.     

建立P-S-N曲线的双加权最小二乘法

为充分利用成组疲劳试验数据和疲劳强度试验数据,获得较高精度的P-S-N曲线,提出了一种建立P-S-N曲线的双加权最小二乘法。该方法充分考虑了疲劳试验方法、疲劳试验数据分散性和试件样本容量对P-S-N曲线建立的影响,构建了不同来源误差的分配模型。它首先利用疲劳试验的最小样本容量判据处理成组试验数据,导出试验数据分布p分位点的置信区间长度,并进行第一次加权拟合。再结合疲劳强度试验数据,进行第二次加权拟合,推导出了任意可靠度下的P-S-N曲线。作者对17组金属材料和PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)材料进行了统计分析以验证所建立的P-S-N曲线的拟合能力、合理性和预测精度,结果表明建立的P-S-N曲线具有较高的精度和可信度。     

层片式复合材料摩擦性能与表面形态的研究

粉末冶金材料摩擦面上多组分的混合以及第三体的存在,不利于澄清材料中不同组分对摩擦性能的贡献程度.本文采用机械组合方法制备了铜-钢-铝层片式摩擦材料,通过定速摩擦试验机,在干、湿两种条件下,观察了3种组分的摩擦表面微结构随摩擦速度的变化过程,测试了不同条件下的摩擦性能.结果表明:铜良好的塑性和焊合性,易形成与基体黏附性良好的第三体,使表面的粗糙程度增加;钢较高的强度及其氧化物的脆性,形成的第三体流动性好且与基体的结合强度有限,容易发生开裂和脱落;铝形成的富氧化铝的第三体,其颗粒间较差的黏合程度易在表面弥散分布,使表面平整度好.在摩擦速度低于900 r/min条件下,水分的润滑作用使湿摩擦条件下的摩擦系数低于干摩擦;摩擦速度高于900 r/min时,水分的冷却和清理微细第三体颗粒的作用,降低了材料的软化程度和第三体的流动性,使湿摩擦系数大于干摩擦系数.