Vortex stretching and filaments

This paper presents a new technique to produce controlled stretched vortices. Intense elliptical vortices are created by stretching of an initial vorticity sheet. The initial vorticity comes from a laminar boundary layer flow and the stretching is parallel to the vorticity vectors. This low velocity flow enables direct observation of the formation and destabilization of vortices. Visualizations are combined with quasi-instantaneous measurements of a full velocity profile. The velocity profile is obtained with an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler velocimeter. The evolution of the central diameter of the vortices is related to the stretching. It is observed that destabilization occurs by pairing of two vortices, by hairpin deformation, and by breakdown of vortices into a “coil shape”.     

Turbulent flow past a transverse cavity with inclined side walls. 1. Flow structure

The process of vortex formation in a cavity with inclined walls, which has a moderate aspect ratio, is experimentally studied, and the distribution of pressure coefficients is measured. The angle of inclination of the side walls ϕ is varied from 30 to 90°. It is found that the flow in the cavity becomes unstable in the range of inclination angles ϕ = 60–70°. Flow reconstruction occurs, which substantially alters the surface-temperature and static-pressure distributions. Large changes in these characteristics and their nonuniform distributions for these angles are observed across the cavity on its frontal wall and on the bottom. For small angles (ϕ = 30 and 45°), the pressure on the rear wall drastically increases, which leads to a small increase in pressure averaged over the entire cavity surface. __________ Translated from PrikladnayaMekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 68–76, September–October, 2006.     

A numerical exploration of secondary separation in starting flow around a flat plate by the discrete vortex model

In the present work, a further numerical simulation of the starting flow around a flat plate normal to the direction of motion in a uniform fluid has been made by means of the discrete vortex method. The secondary separation occurring at rear surface of the plate is explored, and predicted approximately using Thwait's method. The calculated results show that in the early stages of the flow secondary separation does occur. The evolution of flow field, the vortex growing process and the characteristics of secondary vortices have been described. The time dependent drag coefficients, the vorticity shed from the edges and rear surface, and the separation positions are calculated as well as the distributions of velocity and pressure on the plate. In the case of flow normal to the plate, the calculated secondary vortices are weak. Their existence will change the local velocity distributions and affect pressure distributions. However, the effect on drag coefficient is negligible.     

Further study on vortex shedding flow by a circular cylinder

In the present paper the mechanism involved in vortex shedding flows is investigated in detail. In the early stage of the unsteady separated flow the interaction between secondary vortices and primary vortices is quite strong. In the later stage of the flow, corresponding to the vortex shedding the recirculating flow region on each side of the aft body goes through such a cycle: growth-contraction-growth, the secondary separation occurs periodically rather than continuously. The reduction of circulation is taken into account in three cases with different decay factors to study its influence on the prediction of main flow characteristics. Results show that to simulate vortex shedding flow it is necessary to include the reduction of circulation to bring the calculated results into good agreement with experiments. An improved discrete vortex model is suggested in which both the secondary separation and the reduction are incorporated. The processes of vortex shedding, the forces prediction and other flow characteristics are given and some discussions are made. Porject is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Interaction of a Streamwise Vortex with an Oblique Shock Wave

Interaction of a supersonic streamwise vortex with an oblique shock wave is considered. A mathematical model of the streamwise vortex is constructed. Three interaction regimes (weak, moderate, and strong) are found. It is shown numerically that vortex breakdown is possible in the case of strong interaction. The influence of the governing parameters on the interaction type is studied. It is shown that the main effect on the interaction type is exerted by the streamwise velocity and angle of the wedge forming the shock wave. The effect of splitting of the primary vortex on the shock wave in the case of moderate and strong interaction regimes is found.     

Vorticity shedding from a lentil-shaped body at large incidence in uniform flow

The 2D flow about a lentil-shaped body at high incidence in uniform stream is numerically simulated for high Reynolds numbers. The separation points are fixed on the body edges and the vorticity released through a Kutta-like condition is spatially discretized by point vortices. Their Lagrangianinviscid dynamics is described by using both aconformal mapping and aboundary elements method. The present results are in good agreement with previous calculations but still not satisfactory when compared with the experiments.The aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of different Kutta conditions and the effect of different amalgamation procedures in the far wake on global quantities such as theStrouhal number or the total shed circulation. Other remarkable effects induced either by the action of viscosity or by the rising of secondary 3D motion, may not be analyzed by the present simplified model.

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Sommario Si studia il flusso attorno ad una lente ad elevata incidenza nelle ipotesi di elevato numero di Reynolds e flusso bidimensionale. I punti di separazione sono fissati sulle estremità della lente e la produzione di vorticità da questi è realizzata con opportune condizioni di Kutta. La dinamica dei vortici è descritta con un modello Lagrangiano non viscoso. I risultati, ottenuti sia con l'uso di una trasformazione conforme che con un metodo agli elementi di contorno, sono in ottimo accordo con i risultati di precedenti simulazioni numeriche, ma non sono ancora soddisfacenti se confrontati con gli esperimenti.Si analizza in termini di grandezze globali del flusso, quali il numero di Strouhal e la circolazione totale rilasciata, l'effetto di due diverse condizioni di Kutta e dell'uso di procedure di compattazione della scia lontana. Si conclude che l'uso di diverse condizioni di Kutta produce risultati pressoché identici mentre l'utilizzo di procedure di compattazione della scia può alterare in modo significativo il numero di Strouhal del flusso. Rimangono da analizzare altre possibili cause del disaccordo con le sperimentazioni quali la diffusione viscosa e la probabile presenza di moti tridimensionali.

     

数值研究激波与旋涡的相互作用

从非定常形式的Euler方程出发,数值模拟了运动激波与旋涡相互作用的非定常流动过程。为保证激波具有较高的分辨率,采用对称型TVD格式进行了数值计算。结果表明。这样可以有效地模拟流场中一些复杂的流动现象,如激波变形、激波分叉和三波点的形成,以及旋涡结构的变化过程等,并与已有的实验流动显示相符良好。同时,也是对TVD格式求解这类问题的一次初步尝试。     

容量矩阵法在涡方法中的应用

本文将容量矩阵技术与快速Fourier变换相结合求解非矩形域的Poisson方程,再与格子涡方法相结合,发展了一套求解复杂外形的快速涡方法。作为算例,计算了有厚度平板和楔形体的分离流动,得到了满意的结果。特别是在垂直平板绕流中,模拟出了由于剪切层不稳定性引起的小涡结构。     

混合层强化混合的数值研究

受 Ｗａｎｇ ＆ Ｆｉｅｄｌｅｒ（１９９７）的实验的启发，采用高阶精度的差分格式，通过数值模拟的方法，研究了二维混合层及限于两平板间的二维混合层（二维受限混合层）入口处加振动对提高混合层混合效率的作用．计算结果表明：对二维混合层，振动的频率越低，在混合层中产生的大尺度涡结构的尺度越大，在频率很低时，涡具有相似性；对限于两平板间的二维混合层，在一定的振动频率下，混合层中产生的涡较大而且破碎得也较好，这将有利于混合．这一结论与 Ｗａｎｇ ＆ Ｆｉｅｄｌｅｒ（１９９７）的实验观测到的结果是一致的．     

Experimental Study of the Rate of Unsteady Fluid Flow from a Prefilled Vessel

The variation of the flow-rate of a fluid flowing out of a prefilled cylindrical vessel through sinkholes with a diameter less than 0.1 of the vessel diameter has been studied experimentally. The study was carried out in both the presence and the absence of a vortex funnel around the sinkhole. In these experiments the vessel was filled in such a way that a funnel was formed only when a disk immersed in the fluid was rotated before the sinkhole was opened. The time dependence of the flow-rate is found for various initial heights and rates of artificial swirl. Four different outflow stages were detected. It is shown that for certain flow parameters there is a time interval on which the fluid flow-rate is independent of the column height. A critical rotation velocity W _0* below which (W ₀ < W _0*) an intense funnel is not formed is found. A limiting curve approached by all the flow-rate curves in the final stage of outflow is obtained.__________Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, 2005, pp. 113–121.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Shtarev.