Non-linearity parameter B/A of binary liquid mixtures at elevated pressures

When sound waves of high amplitude propagate, several non-linear effects occur. Ultrasonic studies in liquid mixtures provide valuable information about structure and interaction in such systems. The present investigation comprises of theoretical evaluation of the acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A of four binary liquid mixtures using Tong and Dong equation at high pressures and T=303.15 K. Thermodynamic method has also been used to calculate the non-linearity parameter after making certain approximations.     

超快速COSY类2D NMR实验弛豫假峰的抑制

在脉冲梯度场基础上研究了进一步缩短COSY类2D NMR实验数据采集时间的新方法.利用主动屏蔽梯度场线圈的梯度场恢复时间仅为100μs数量级这一特点,提出一类基于脉冲梯度场消除弛豫假峰的脉冲序列.并以DQF-COSY脉冲序列为例加以验证.实验结果表明:采用文中的方法,取序列重复时间远小于T₁和T₂是切实可行的;梯度场技术能很好地抑制弛豫假蜂以达到2D NMK数据的快速采集.     

Calibration with relativistic and low velocity ions of a CR39 nuclear track detector

We present experimental results on the calibration of the CR9 nuclear track detector, manufactured by the Intercast Europe Co., of Parma (Italy). The calibration was performed with several ions of different kinetic energies: from 50 keV protons to 11.3 A GeV gold ions; β=v/c ranges from about 4·10⁻³ to about 1. We find that a single curve of the reduced etch rate p versus Restricted Energy Loss is able to describe all data. Furthermore the data are consistent with about 100% contribution of the nuclear energy loss to the CR39 response. This type of CR39 is used in the MACRO experiment at the Gran Sasso Laboratory.     

Sources of velocity spread in electron beams from magnetron injection guns

Calculated trajectories for the electron beam of a known gyrotron have been analysed to determine the relative importance of some of the contributions to velocity spread. For the geometry analysed, space-charge and thermal velocities at the cathode produced only a small part of the calculated velocity spread; much more was generated by the variation of electric field over the length of the cathode surface. The total range of transverse velocity was substantially reduced by adjustment of the shape of one electrode.     

基于改进NAS-RIF的三维显微图像盲复原

对二维NAS-RIF算法进行了改进,并将它用于三维显微图像复原,分别用模拟样本和真实生物样本进行了实验。针对原算法对噪声有放大作用,提出了基于中值滤波去噪的改进。在支持域的确定、最小点的搜索上进行改进,提高复原质量。改进了原算法仅适用于均匀背景的不足,扩大了应用范围。实验结果表明,该算法在三维显微图像盲复原中具有较好的效果。     

Systematically investigating the polarization gradient cooling in an optical molasses of ultracold cesium atoms

We systematically investigate the polarization gradient cooling （PGC） process in an optical molasses of ultracold cesium atoms. The SR mode for changing the cooling laser, which means that the cooling laser frequency is stepped to the setting value while its intensity is ramped, is found to be the best for the PGC, compared with other modes studied. We verify that the heating effect of the cold atoms, which appears when the cooling laser intensity is lower than the saturation intensity, arises from insufficient polarization gradient cooling. Finally, an exponential decay function with a statistical explanation is introduced to explain the dependence of the cold atom temperature on the PGC interaction time.     

海底介质的声学特性研究

海底作为声波在水中传播的下边界,其声学特性对水中声场分布的影响巨大。在近60年的研究中,海底沉积物的声学特性建模研究已取得众多成果,然而这些成果还远远不能满足现代化水声技术发展的要求。文章从基本的海底结构组成出发,在海底地声建模的基础上揭示出声波与海底的作用关系。     

Miscibility of Solution Blends of Unsaturated Polyester Resin with Polystyrene and Polycarbonate

Miscibility studies of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) blends with two different thermoplastics—polystyrene (PS) and polycarbonate (PC), in a common solvent, chloroform, were carried out by viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, density, and refractive index methods. Two interaction parameters, μ and α were calculated using viscosity data for these blends. The positive interaction parameter values (μ and α > 0) obtained for the UPR/PS blend and the negative interaction parameter values (μ and α < 0) obtained for the UPR/PC blend indicate that the former is a miscible blend and the latter is an immiscible blend. These results were further confirmed by the ultrasonic velocity, density, and refractive index measurements.     

Blood flow evaluation in high-frequency, 40 MHz imaging: A comparative study of four vector velocity estimation methods

Ultrasonic imaging is often used to estimate blood flow velocity. Currently, estimates are carried out using Doppler-based techniques. However, there are a number of shortcomings such as the limited spatial resolution and the inability to estimate longitudinal flows. Thus, alternative methods have been proposed to overcome them. Difficulties are notably encountered with high-frequency imaging systems that use swept-scan techniques. In this article, we propose to compare four vector velocity estimation methods that are complementary to Doppler, focusing on 40 MHz, high-frequency imaging. The goal of this study is to evaluate which method could circumvent the limitations of Doppler methods for evaluation of microcirculation, in the vessels having diameter on the order of 1 mm. We used two region-based approaches, one decorrelation-based approach and one spatiotemporal approach. Each method has been applied to seven flow sequences with various orientations and mean velocities. Four sequences were simulated with a system approach based on a 3D set of moving scatterers. Three experimental sequences were carried out by injecting blood-mimicking fluid within a gelatin phantom and then acquiring images with Visualsonics, Vevo 660 system. From velocity estimates, several performance criteria such as the normalized mean error or the normalized mean standard deviation were defined to compare the performance of the four estimators. The results show that region-based methods are the most accurate exhibiting mean errors less than 10% and mean standard deviation less than 13%. However, region-based approaches are those that require the highest calculative cost compared to the decorrelation-based method, which is the fastest. Finally, the spatiotemporal approach appeared to be a trade-off in terms of computational complexity and accuracy of estimates. It provides estimates with errors less than 10% for mean velocity and the CPU time is approximately 17 s for a ROI of size 40 * 80 pixels.     

爆磁压缩发生器的爆炸管动力学效应

 对爆磁压缩发生器中爆炸管2维动力学简化模型进行了模拟计算,分析表明：径向膨胀速度会随径向位置（或者时间）的变化而变化,因此膨胀角也会随径向位置（或者时间）发生变化。对各时间点（或位置点）处的膨胀速度进行了平均,求得理论上的平均膨胀速度,再将该平均膨胀速度与实验测量值进行了比较。模拟结果给出了径向膨胀速度受到端头效应影响的情况,这可为改进实验结果提供参考。由于径向速度与轴向速度的比值一般在5以上,用作爆炸管的物质质量越大,这一比值就越大,因此选择密度较大的金属材料作为爆炸管,可减少滑移。应用2D简化模型计算出的膨胀角数值,与Gurney模型以及1D模型进行了比较,它们之间的差别可能主要来自2D效应。