5－（4－氯苯基）－10，15，20－三苯基卟啉及其配合物的合成、结构表征及热分解机理

合成了标题卟啉配体及其钴、镍、铜、锌和铁的五种配合物．对它们进行了元素分析、ＵＶ、ＩＲ和荧光光谱等结构表征．用ＤＴＡ、ＴＧ、ＤＳＣ等手段研究了这些新化合物的热稳定性及热分解机理，实验结果与ＨＭＯ方法计算的结果一致．     

三价铬与丙二酸形成的配合物的热解过程研究

利用热重分析及原位红外光谱等方法，定性、定量地研究了三价铬和丙二酸形成的配合物［Ｃｒ（Ｃ３Ｈ２Ｏ４）（Ｈ２Ｏ）］［Ｃｒ（Ｃ３Ｈ２Ｏ４）２（Ｈ２Ｏ）２］·４Ｈ２Ｏ的热解过程，提出了室温至４００℃下的详细热解途径．基于多种实验结果，分析了螯合物中六员环的化学键断裂方式，并由配合物的快原子轰击质谱（ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ）加以佐证．     

Influence of the heating rate on the temperature profiles and on the conversion rate of powdery cellulose and pine sawdust

An experimental study of the thermal decomposition of powdered cellulose and pine sawdust has been performed. The influence of the heating rate on the temperature profiles in the sample and on the solid conversion rate has been studied. A mathematical model without adjustable parameters has been used to calculate the temperature at different points in the solid bed and the average total solid conversion. The experimental results have been compared with those calculated by the model. A good agreement has been obtained for sawdust. Some differences are observed for cellulose at high heating rates, and the influence of the thermal conductivity and the reaction heat on the results has been analysed.     

The dehydration of copper(II) acetate monohydrate

The thermal dehydration of copper(II) acetate hydrate has been studied between 353 and 406 K, over a range of humidities. The dehydration is controlled by nucleation-and-growth kinetics at low temperatures, with an activation energy of 154 kJ·mol⁻¹, which changes to contracting-disc kinetics at higher temperatures with a lower activation energy of 76 kJ·mol⁻¹. Frequency factors have also been derived; the value for the high temperature process is low (10⁷s⁻¹) and that for the low temperature step is high (10¹⁷s⁻¹). Optical microscopy has been used to clarify the bulk kinetics; there is evidence for a reactive layer at the surface of the decomposing solid. In celebration of the 60^th birthday of Dr Andrew K. Galwey     

两种形貌纳米Fe2O3对TKX-50热分解的催化性能研究

Energy components used in solid rocket propellants are beneficial for improving the energy performance, and their thermal decomposition characteristics significantly affect the combustion properties of the propellants. As a kind of energetic material with both high energy and low sensitivity (impact and friction), 5, 5'-bistetrazole-1, 1'-diolate (TKX-50) can effectively improve the energy and safety characteristics of solid propellants. Burning catalyst is another important component of solid propellants, which can significantly improve the burning rate of the propellant and reduce the pressure exponent. Among various burning catalysts, nanoscale transition metal oxides can promote the thermal decomposition of the energetic component, thus enhancing the combustion properties of the solid propellant. However, the catalytic effects of nanoscale transition metal oxides with different morphologies on the thermal decomposition of TKX-50 have rarely been studied. Based on the excellent catalytic activity of Fe₂O₃ for TKX-50 thermal decomposition, nano-Fe₂O₃ particles with spherical and tubular microstructures were used for TKX-50 thermal decomposition. The Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were successfully fabricated via the solvothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The XRD, FT-IR, and XPS results confirmed the successful fabrication of spherical and tubular Fe₂O₃ samples. The SEM and TEM images showed that the spherical Fe₂O₃ samples are composed of agglomerated Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 110 nm. In addition, the average diameter and length of hollow tubular Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles are 120 nm and 200 nm, respectively. The catalytic activities of spherical and tubular Fe₂O₃ for TKX-50 decomposition were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The DSC and TG-DTG curves showed that both tubular and spherical Fe₂O₃ could effectively promote TKX-50 thermal decomposition. The first thermal decomposition peak temperature (T_FDP) of TKX-50 was reduced by 36.5 K and 26.3 K in the presence of tubular and spherical Fe₂O₃, respectively, at 10 K·min⁻¹. The activation energy (E_a) of TKX-50, determined by the iso-conversional method, was significantly reduced in the presence of both tubular and spherical Fe₂O₃. The results indicated that the microstructure of the catalyst has a significant effect on its catalytic performance for TKX-50 thermal decomposition, and that tubular Fe₂O₃ with hollow microstructure possesses better catalytic activity than spherical Fe₂O₃. The excellent catalytic activity of tubular Fe₂O₃ can be attributed to the hollow microstructure, which has more active sites for TKX-50 thermal decomposition.