高温作用后砂岩蠕变试验及PSO-BP神经网络单轴蠕变长期强度预测研究

为了研究高温作用后黄砂岩的蠕变强度及变形特征,对高温作用后的黄砂岩开展单轴蠕变试验,系统地分析了高温损伤、轴压对黄砂岩蠕变变形特征、蠕变强度、蠕变速率的影响。利用PSO-BP神经网络算法对不同力学参数进行训练,预测高温作用后黄砂岩的单轴蠕变长期强度。研究结果发现：高温作用后黄砂岩存在蠕变应力阈值,低于阈值时仅发生稳定蠕变,高于阈值后发生不稳定蠕变;蠕变试验中试件处于低应力状态时,随着温度的增加,蠕变变形程度与稳态蠕变率呈线性变化关系。处于高应力状态时,温度对二者影响程度增大。使用PSO-BP神经网络预测高温作用后黄砂岩蠕变长期强度,发现比传统BP神经网络模型训练速度快、预测精度高。本文研究成果可为地下岩体工程高温后灾变重建提供一定的技术支撑和借鉴。     

单轴压缩下断续节理岩体动态损伤本构模型

断续节理将对工程岩体的强度及变形等力学特性产生显著影响,损伤力学中视节理为岩体的一种宏观损伤,因而采用损伤张量来刻画其对岩体的影响。目前学术界提出了用节理的几何、强度及变形等3类参数来描述节理的物理力学性质,而目前的岩体损伤张量计算方法都只涉及前2类参数,均没有涉及其变形参数即法向及切向刚度。为此,在前人研究的基础上,基于断裂及损伤理论提出了考虑节理法向及切向刚度的单轴压缩下单条断续节理引起的损伤张量计算公式,进而通过考虑节理间相互作用给出了单组单排或多排节理岩体损伤张量计算公式。其次,以岩石细观动态损伤模型为基础,结合宏细观损伤耦合观点提出了一个能够同时考虑节理几何、强度及变形参数的断续节理岩体动态损伤本构模型。最后,利用该模型讨论了节理参数及载荷应变率等对岩体动态力学特性的影响,认为节理长度减小及摩擦角增大将导致岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量增大;岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量则随着节理法向及切向刚度的增大分别减小或增大;而当节理法向及切向刚度按照同一比例增大时,岩体动态峰值强度及弹性模量则是增大的。岩体动态峰值强度与载荷应变率呈正相关。     

PBX炸药含各向异性损伤的黏弹性统计微裂纹本构模型初步研究

建立含损伤本构模型是研究炸药动态力学响应规律的基础。基于PBX炸药材料的宏观黏弹性特征和细观上微裂纹面的方向性,建立了含各向异性损伤的黏弹性统计微裂纹(Aniso-Visco SCRAM)本构模型, 简化后得到单轴应力加载下的本构方程。利用数值计算程序,以PBX9501为例,分析了微裂纹扩展的各向异性、PBX炸药破坏强度及临界应变的拉压异性和应变率相关性,考察了微裂纹数密度、初始微裂纹尺寸、微裂纹面摩擦系数及断裂表面能4个主要参数的敏感性及影响规律。结果表明,它们对微裂纹的扩展演化有较大影响,进而导致材料表现出不同的力学响应。

     

粗晶超塑性单轴拉伸颈缩模拟

利用粘塑性本构模型模拟粗晶超塑性单轴拉伸。数值结果表明,颈缩的位置及发展过程受拉伸应变速率的影响。不只一处分散不均匀变形相互牵制与协调,使材料得以在接近均匀的状态下经受大的变形,模拟得到的局部应变速率演化曲线,可以预测变形局部化发展的情况。     

辽河口附近海冰单轴压缩强度的试验与统计特征

为研究影响海冰单轴压缩强度的因素,在渤海辽河口附近海域采集冰坯,加工成方柱状冰样.在试验温度分别为-3℃,-5℃,-7℃,-10℃和-15℃下,对225个冰样沿平行和垂直自然冰表面方向进行加载.研究试样温度,加载方向,应变速率和孔隙率对海冰单轴压缩强度的影响.试验结果表明:海冰单轴强度随试样温度的降低而增加;垂直方向冰样的峰值强度高于水平方向,海冰表现为各向异性.利用试验结果建立了韧性区内海冰单轴压缩强度与应变速率和孔隙率的统计关系.     

Morphology development in PS/LLDPE blend during and after elongational deformation

The morphology development within a PS/LLDPE blend with 5 wt % of LLDPE at various stages of uniaxial deformation and after cessation of the flow was studied. Under given deformation conditions the dispersed LLDPE particles stretch and form highly elongated fibrils in agreement with a modified capillary number model. The morphology development after deformation was investigated for two different modes—relaxation and recovery. It was found that the stress in the sample is the crucial parameter determining the morphology development. During the first part of relaxation the stress in the sample is sufficient to hold the particles in the highly elongated state and, therefore, Rayleigh breakup takes place according to the Tomotika theory. It results in considerably finer phase structure. Contrary to this, in the absence of the stress in the sample, that is, in the recovery mode, the fibrils start to shrink immediately after the deformation and after a certain time the spherical morphology is restored. During elongation and recovery no evidence of coalescence was observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 16–27, 2008     

自制的单轴晶体波面演示教具

介绍一种新的小型演示仪器,该仪器用于普通物理光学教学,能形象生动地演示单轴晶体中的光轴,主平面,o光和e光的波面,o光和e光各自的电矢量的反动方向,速率大小关系,并能灵活地结合课堂教学各种实例说明在不同条件下,双折射的产生及其原因。     

单轴晶体中光轴任意取向时寻常光与非常光间的离散

晶体器件（特别是非线性光学器件）的性能与晶体内o光与e光的离散有很大的关系。详细讨论了光在晶体表面折射时,对于任意光轴取向、任意入射角情况,如何确定o光与e光的离散。借助于转动晶体的方法,形象地描绘出e光相对o光的离散曲线。当入射角较大时,离散曲线的形状 随光轴取向变化很大：从简单的圆或椭圆到复杂的双闭合曲线。理论计算与实验结果很好地吻合。     

Influence of Geometrical Parameters on the Critical Load in Three-Dimensional Stability Problems for Rectangular Plates and Beams

Two- and three-dimensional stability problems for a rectangular plate under uniaxial compression are solved by the mesh method. It is shown that the difference between the critical loads obtained in the three- and two-dimensional problems is not greater than 5% for arbitrary fixation conditions and arbitrary length and thickness ratio of the plate     

Strain effect on graphene nanoribbon carrier statistic in the presence of non-parabolic band structure

The effect of tensile uniaxial strain on the non-parabolic electronic band structure of armchair graphene nanoribbon(AGNR) is investigated.In addition,the density of states and the carrier statistic based on the tight-binding Hamiltonian are modeled analytically.It is found that the property of AGNR in the non-parabolic band region is varied by the strain.The tunable energy band gap in AGNR upon strain at the minimum energy is described for each of n-AGNR families in the non-parabolic approximation.The behavior of AGNR in the presence of strain is attributed to the breakable AGNR electronic band structure,which varies the physical properties from its normality.The linear relation between the energy gap and the electrical properties is featured to further explain the characteristic of the deformed AGNR upon strain.