Time to Creep Failure of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Pipes under Torsion

The time to creep failure is calculated for rectilinear thin-wall pipes subjected to pure torsion, torsion with uniaxial tension, and torsion with internal pressure. The problem is solved using the concept of equivalent stress. The equivalent stresses are found from the generalized mixed failure criterion whose form depends on the signs of the principal stresses. The criterion relates the maximum normal stress and the intensity of shear stress if the signs coincide, and the maximal shear stress and the octahedral shear stress if the signs are opposite. A technique for determining the material constants is developed. The calculated and experimental data are compared and found to be in satisfactory agreement     

基于X-射线CT方法的岩石小裂纹扩展过程分析

岩石的小裂纹起裂及扩展过程是岩石力学研究的一个关键问题。对软硬两种砂岩进行单轴加载试验,同时用高分辨率的螺旋CT扫描机进行实时扫描。通过对获得的CT图像的分析处理发现,CT差值图像中的方差值与小裂纹的扩展速率有密切的关系,建立CT差值图像中的方差值与应力关系曲线,可以直观地看出:1)岩石样品中小裂纹起裂门槛值:软砂岩样品小裂纹扩展的门槛值为岩石强度的55%,小裂纹的扩展强度占整个强度的73%。硬砂岩小裂纹扩展的门槛值为岩石强度的64.5%,小裂纹的疲劳强度占整个强度的79%;2)小裂纹的扩展规律,即:在加载的初期岩石中小裂纹的扩展速率缓慢增大,在小裂纹扩展的门槛值出现之前快速下降,小裂纹扩展的门槛值出现之后又快速增加,最后当裂纹长度达到一定值时与长裂纹扩展速率基本一致。     

UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION TEST AND DAMAGE CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF FROZEN CLAY 1)

从冻土微元破坏服从Weibull随机分布的特点出发,将Mohr--Coulomb强度准则作为冻土微元统计分布变量,利用应变等价性假说,建立了单轴应力状态下冻结黏土损伤本构模型;在此基础上,讨论了模型参数和弹性模量与冻结温度的关系,对模型参数和弹性模量进行合理修正,建立了温度影响下的冻结黏土损伤本构模型,并与试验结果进行对比。分析结果表明：考虑温度效应的损伤本构模型能很好地模拟冻结黏土应力--应变全过程曲线,具有很好的适应性。     

单向应力状态下钢材高温分析的损伤模型

本文结合结构钢材火灾高温分析的特点，通过对Ｌｅｍａｉｔｒｅ关于常温下金属材料延性损伤模型和修改，提出一种适用应力状态下钢材高温分析的损伤模型，为进行钢框架在火灾高温作用下及火灾冷却后的２和损伤分析提供可能性。     

Uniaxial extension and shear in combination with cyclic straining as a promising method for studying the viscoelasticity of polymers over a wide range of stresses and strains atT > T g

Simple relations are found between the fracture strains, the long-term durability and the initial values of parameters characterizing polymer rheology at deformation rates and stresses approaching zero. Fracture regimes are determined by two groups of parameters. One includes critical values of stresses. They are invariant with repect to temperature and molecular weight of the polymers; the values of critical stresses for different polymer compositions differ by a factor of 10 to 20. The second group of critical parameters includes the rates of deformation determined by the initial viscosity. The latter may vary by many orders of magnitude. There exists a universal critical value determining polymer fracture independent of linear macromolecule composition, its molecular weight, the temperature and the way of attaining a given state. This value is the recoverable strain and is equal to 0.5 according to Hencky. There exists a relation between the maximum value of recoverable strain in the transition region from the rubbery to the leathery state and the extensibility of macromolecules for polymers with various molecular weights. Quenching of the polymer near the maximum recoverable strain makes it possible to obtain high strength samples. Overspurt regimes for polymer flow have also been studied. It has been shown that this causes polymer static electrification. Simple and unique dependences of the charge density on temperature and polymer molecular weight have been established.Presented at the 28th IUPAC International Symposium on Macromolecules, June 1982, Amherst, Mass. (USA)Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Josef Schurz on the occassion of his 60th birthday     

岩石单轴压缩作用下变形局部化的梯度塑性解

采用梯度塑性理论研究单轴压缩作用下岩石变形局部化,得到了单轴压缩作用下岩石变形局部化带宽度的一维、二维解析解,为实验测定内部材料长度参数提供了理论依据.     

Multidirectional Wrinkle Patterns Programmed by Sequential Uniaxial Strain with Conformal yet Nontraceable Masks

Surface wrinkling is a promising route to control the mechanical, electrical, and optical properties of materials in a wide range of applications. However, previous artificial wrinkles are restricted to single or random orientation and lacks selectivity. To address this challenge, this study presents multidirectional wrinkle patterns with high selectivity and orientation through sequential uniaxial strain with conformal polymeric shadow masks. The conformal but nontraceable polymeric stencil with microapertures are adhered to a flat substrate prior to oxidation, which forms discrete and parallel wrinkles in confined domains without any contamination. By fully investigating the process, this study displays compound topography of wrinkles consisting of wrinkle islands and surrounding secondary wrinkles on the same surface. With this topography, various diffusion properties are presented: from semi‐transparent yet diffusive films to multidirectional diffusive films, which will be available for new types of optical diffuser applications.     

Ultrabroadband mid-infrared emission from Cr~(2+):ZnSe-doped chalcogenide glasses prepared via hot uniaxial pressing and melt-quenching

We reported an ultrabroadband mid-infrared(MIR) emission in the range of 1800 nm–3100 nm at room temperature(RT) from a Cr~(2+):Zn Se-doped chalcogenide glasses(Ch Gs) and studied the emission-dependent properties on the doping methods. A series of Cr~(2+):Zn Se/As40 S57 Se3(in unit wt.%) glass-ceramics were prepared by hot uniaxial pressing(HUP)and melt-quenching methods, respectively. The glass-ceramics with MIR emission bands greater than 1000 nm were successfully prepared by both methods. The effects of matrix glass composition and grain doping concentration on the optical properties of the samples were studied. The occurrence state, morphology of the grains, and the microscopic elemental distributions were characterized using x-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) analyses.     

Investigation of composite electromagnetic scattering from ship-like target on the randomly rough sea surface using FDTD method

Composite electromagnetic scattering from a two-dimensional (2D) ship-like target on a one-dimensional sea surface is investigated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. A uniaxial perfectly matched layer is adopted for truncation of FDTD lattices. The FDTD updated equations can be used for the total computation domain by choosing the uniaxial parameters properly. To validate the proposed numerical technique, a 2D infinitely long cylinder over the sea surface is taken into account first. The variation of angular distribution of the scattering changing with incident angle is calculated. The results show good agreement with the conventional moment method. Finally, the influence of the incident angle, the polarization, and the size of the ship-like target on the composite scattering coefficient is discussed in detail.     

碳纳米管增强氟橡胶高温力学行为及本构关系研究

改性氟橡胶因其优异的耐油耐高温及良好的物理性能,广泛应用于汽车、航空航天和国防等领域。本文通过对不同温度(120 ℃~220 ℃)下碳纳米管增强氟橡胶的单轴拉伸试验结果进行分析,得到改性氟橡胶力学行为随温度变化的特点。通过本构模型评估和材料参数拟合,推导出适用于改性氟橡胶的温度相关修正本构方程。最终对比了特定温度下单轴拉伸的试验结果与模型预测结果,证明了温度相关的修正Yeoh模型可以较好地描述试验温度内碳纳米管增强氟橡胶的力学性能,为高温下改性氟橡胶的工程应用提供理论基础。