双近贴式X射线像增强器成像不均匀性的分析与校正

分析了双近贴式X射线像增强器响应不一致性的产生机理,对每个像元建立了光电响应的数学模型.基于该模型,提出了一种改进的多点校正算法.该算法将对数曲线模型转化为线性响应模型,通过基于最小二乘法的两点拟合算法对图像数据进行校正.对比分析了校正前后图像的背景标准差及灰度分布曲线,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

Wall shear stress and near-wall convective transport: Comparisons with vascular remodelling in a peripheral graft anastomosis

Fluid dynamic properties of blood flow are implicated in cardiovascular diseases. The interaction between the blood flow and the wall occurs through the direct transmission of forces, and through the dominating influence of the flow on convective transport processes. Controlled, in vitro testing in simple geometric configurations has provided much data on the cellular-level responses of the vascular walls to flow, but a complete, mechanistic explanation of the pathogenic process is lacking. In the interim, mapping the association between local haemodynamics and the vascular response is important to improve understanding of the disease process and may be of use for prognosis. Moreover, establishing the haemodynamic environment in the regions of disease provides data on flow conditions to guide investigations of cellular-level responses.     

Characterization of a sCMOS‐based high‐resolution imaging system

The detection system is a key part of any imaging station. Here the performance of the novel sCMOS‐based detection system installed at the ID17 biomedical beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and dedicated to high‐resolution computed‐tomography imaging is analysed. The system consists of an X‐ray–visible‐light converter, a visible‐light optics and a PCO.Edge5.5 sCMOS detector. Measurements of the optical characteristics, the linearity of the system, the detection lag, the modulation transfer function, the normalized power spectrum, the detective quantum efficiency and the photon transfer curve are presented and discussed. The study was carried out at two different X‐ray energies (35 and 50 keV) using both 2× and 1× optical magnification systems. The final pixel size resulted in 3.1 and 6.2 µm, respectively. The measured characteristic parameters of the PCO.Edge5.5 are in good agreement with the manufacturer specifications. Fast imaging can be achieved using this detection system, but at the price of unavoidable losses in terms of image quality. The way in which the X‐ray beam inhomogeneity limited some of the performances of the system is also discussed.     

Die Korrektur des Bildes der Anger-Kamera (Teil II)

Ausgehend von der im ersten Teil begründeten Notwendigkeit, die mit der Szintillationskamera Impulsverteilung korrigieren zu müssen, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Programmablanfplan für diese Korrekturrechnung mit Hilfe der elektronischen Datenverarbeitung (R 300) erläutert. Im gegenwärtigen Stadium der Entwicklung eines umfangreichen Konzepts zum Einsatz der EDV für die Szintigraphie – an der alle Nuklearmedizinischen Abteilungen der DDR beteiligt sind – erfolgt bei den Autoren die Ein- und ausgabe der Daten über Lochstreifen. Die Wirkung der Korrekturrechnung wird am homogenen Phantom selbst und an einer Pankreasunfersuchung demonstriert.     

星载微光立体成像技术及实现

为了监测夜间和晨昏时段的低云大雾,实现云的三维立体成像,对微光立体成像的关键技术进行了研究。首先,介绍了微光立体成像原理,分析了成像需要解决的宽视场覆盖和多镜头布局。然后,介绍了实现微光探测需要解决的低照度成像技术及其实现方法。最后,针对观测目标照度变化较大的问题,提出了动态范围拓展技术,介绍了后期数据处理中的云雾监测技术。仿真计算结果表明：采用电子倍增CCD（EMCCD）探测器和推扫扫描成像模式、集成探测器组件以及多台相机拼接方案可有效实现微光立体成像,相机扫描幅宽超过2800km;高程分辨率〈817．7m。提出的成像技术可在低照度条件下监测低云大雾,获取高分辨率的三维立体云图,满足气象海洋探测的需求。     

一种基于高斯混合模型的改进EM算法研究

针对传统EM算法存在估计参数不具有最优性,以及在参数估计中需要人工参与等问题,提出一种基于高斯混合模型的改进EM算法。采用无人工参与的无监督思想,获取高斯混合模型对直方图拟合的最优参数组合。实验表明,该算法不仅能够快速地估计模型参量,而且能够给出最优参数,并在图像增强中使细节更明显,对比度更适中。     

Hidden Markov models revealing the stress field underlying the earthquake generation

The application of the hidden Markov models (HMMs) is attempted for revealing key features for the earthquake generation which are not accessible to direct observation. Considering that the states of the HMM correspond to levels of the stress field, our objective is to identify these states. The observations are considered after grouping earthquake magnitudes and the cases of different number of states are examined. The problems of HMMs theory are solved and the ensuing HMMs are compared on the basis of Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. A new insight on the evaluation of future seismic hazard is given by calculating the mean number of steps for the first visit to a particular state, along with the respective variance. We further calculate an estimator of the mean number of steps for the first visit to a particular state and we construct its confidence interval. Additionally, a second approach to the problem is followed by assuming a different determination of observations. The HMMs applied to both approaches, contribute significantly to seismic hazard assessment via revealing the number of the stress levels as well as the way in which these levels are associated with certain earthquake occurrence.     

A new graphical coding of DNA sequence and its similarity calculation

The DNA primary sequence is translated into “structure graph” based on classification of its four bases. Then the invariants, such as topological indices, are extracted from those graphic representations of DNA primary sequences, and used to calculate the similarities among the eleven species. From these similarities/dissimilarities the homologies can be revealed that they are in agreement with evolutionary relation satisfactorily.     

Evolution of downsized crescent-shaped dune in wind tunnel experiment

The migration of a downsized crescent-shaped dune was investigated in a wind tunnel experiment.Quantified upwind influx and vertical oscillation of the sand bed were introduced to modulate the saturation level of the sand flux above the dune surface to affect dune evolution.The evolution was recorded by top-view photography and then abstracted as the evolution of self-defined characteristic quantities using a digital image processing algorithm.The results showed that,in contrast to the case for spanwise quantities,the evolution of streamwise quantities corresponds to a linear increase in the modulation magnitude more positively and in a monotonic and convergent manner.In contrast with quantities on the windward face,the changes in quantities with respect to the horns were nonmonotonic with time and almost uncorrelated with the variation in modulation strength,which reveals the distinctiveness of leeside evolution.     

Study of a millimeter-wave squint indirect holographic algorithm suitable for imaging with large field-of-view

In this paper a millimeter-wave （MMW） squint indirect holographic method is presented, which is suitable for imaging with a large field-of-view. The proposed system employs the squint operation mode to remove the background and twin- image interferences, which achieves a similar effect to off-axis holography but leaves out the large-aperture quasi-optical component. The translational scanning manner enables a large field of view and ensures the image uniformity, which is difficult to realize in off-axis holography. In addition, a corresponding imaging algorithm for the presented scheme is developed to reconstruct the image from the recorded hologram. Some imaging results on typical objects, obtained with electromagnetic simulation, demonstrate good performance of the imaging scheme and validate the effectiveness of the image reconstruction algorithm.