类铍CⅢ 和 OⅤ离子激发态的相对论能量和跃迁几率

利用多组态相互作用方法及Rayleigh-Ritz变分法,计算了类铍CⅢ和OⅤ离子激发态1s22s2p1P0,1s22s2p3P0,and 1s22p2 3P的能量,包括了相对论能量和质量极化效应。计算了相关态的振子强度、跃迁几率和波长。计算结果与其它理论和实验结果符合得很好。     

铁道外锁闭铁在脉动载荷下的强度分析

对道岔外锁闭铁建立有限元模型，计算其在工作载荷下的应力场，发现结构的大部分区域应力很小，而部分角点处存在很大的应力集中，其中最大应力集中处也是实际破坏部位；比较了常用的脉动载荷下的强度理论，针对本文的工况选用其中的Goodman脉动强度理论解释了该结构的破坏原因，并给出了容许的最大工作载荷．     

Fe40—45Cr30—35Co20—25Mo0—4Zr0—2合金微观结构对力学性能的影响

研究了高矫顽力型FeCrCo合金力学性能和微观结构间的关系.对抗弯强度和断裂韧性的测试 结果表明，高矫顽力型FeCrCo合金的力学性能远低于普通FeCrCo合金.透射电镜照片显示高 矫顽力合金的两相成分差较大；x射线衍射结果反映高矫顽力合金衍射峰强度较弱而半高宽 较大，说明高矫顽力合金中调幅分解进行彻底.合金中α₁，α₂两 相成分差的扩 大使晶格错配度增加，强度提高，韧性降低.这就是高矫顽力合金力学性能变差的原因. 关键词： 力学性能 调幅分解 抗弯强度 断裂韧性     

Photocrosslinking of ultra high strength polyethylene fibers

Ultra high strength polyethylene (HSPE) fibers have been successfully photocrosslinked using benzophenone as photoinitiator. The introduction of photoinitiator without disturbing the fiber structure is a difficult problem which was solved by vapor absorption at elevated temperature while keeping the fiber under constant strain. The crosslinked fiber showed no decrease in mechanical properties at room temperature as is the case when fibers are crosslinked by other reported methods such as radiation and chemical crosslinking. The crosslinked fiber showed enhanced high temperature resistance as well as much lower creep rate on prolonged stressing. Photocrosslinking of HSPE fiber is superior to other crosslinking methods reported in the literature.     

Properties unique in nuclei far from β stability line

Nucleons with very small binding energies present in nuclei far from the β stability line produce a unique shell structure, which leads to the disappearance of traditional magic numbers or to the creation of new magic numbers and new deformation regions. We study the shell structure in terms of the variation of two important ingredients, the kinetic energy and the spin-orbit splitting, as a function of the orbital angular momentum ℓ, when binding energies of neutrons decrease towards zero. It is also shown that for low-lying threshold strength, a negative sign is possible for the polarization charge coming from the coupling of one-particle to isoscalar shape oscillations. Received: 1 May 2001 / Accepted: 4 December 2001     

类钠等电子系列振子强度与原子实极化系数计算

应用屏蔽氢模型计算类钠等电子系列电偶极子跃迁振子强度f和原子(离子)实极化系数α,计算结果和有关文献是一致的;并讨论极化系数随主量子数、原子序数的变化情况.     

Effects of cosmological constant on motion of UHECR particles

Recent astronomical observations manifest that about two-thirds of the whole energy in the Universe is contributed by a small positive cosmological constant A (> 0). Then, an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime is premised naturally. However, physics in the de Sitter spacetime is very different from that in the Minkowski spacetime. As the first step, a covariant formalism of the kinematics in the de Sitter spacetime is presented here. By solving exactly the equations of motion for a field, we obtain the dispersion relation of a free particle. It is noticed that the dispersion relation is dependent on the degree of freedom of angular momentum of the particle. We show the threshold anomaly of the ultra high energy cosmic ray disappears naturally in the framework of the de Sitter kinematics.     

Acidity of Several Anilinium Derivatives in Pure Tetrahydrofuran

The acidity constant (pK _a) of eleven substituted anilinium ions and the dissociation constants of their perchlorate salts (pK _salt) were determined in pure tetrahydrofuran by potentiometry and conductometry. The pK _a values of the studied aniliniums extend downward the range of previously determined pK _a values. The resolution of acid strength for cationic acids in tetrahydrofuran was compared with those obtained in other amphiprotic and aprotic solvents. It is shown that the resolution in tetrahydrofuran is higher than the ones in water and methanol, similar to those in acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide and isobutylmethylketone, but lower than those in acetonitrile and nitromethane.     

钙基负载型固体碱催化酯交换反应活性评价

动植物油脂与醇通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,目前,工业上一般采用NaOH、KOH、NaOCH,等均相催化剂。均相催化剂的缺点是产品后处理复杂,产生大量含碱含油工业废水。而非均相固体碱催化酯交换反应,产品与催化剂分离容易,产品不需要水洗,避免了大量废液的排放。采用非均相固体碱制备生物柴油的文献报道较多,但固体碱的碱中心数、碱中心强度对酯交换反应影响的报道较少。本研究制备了钙基负载型固体碱催化剂,重点研究钙基负载型固体碱的制备工艺条件对碱强度、碱量分布的影响,考察碱强度、碱量分布对催化菜籽油与甲醇的酯交换反应制备生物柴油转化率的影响。     

超高温焙烧的Ni/Al2O3对甲烷部分氧化反应的催化活性

考察了超高温焙烧的Ni/Al2O3对甲烷部分氧化反应的催化性能,发现该催化剂经还原后对甲烷部分氧化反应表现出较高的催化活性.X射线衍射结果显示,Ni/Al2O3催化剂在超高温(1200~1400℃)下焙烧后生成了NiAl2O4,且无相转移,进一步经950℃还原后催化剂中绝大部分Ni以单质Ni0形式存在.透射电子显微镜测试结果表明,不同超高温焙烧的催化剂经950℃还原后Ni晶粒的大小无明显差异.这说明超高温焙烧的Ni/Al2O3对甲烷部分氧化反应的高活性可归结为NiAl2O4的可还原性以及还原后Ni0相似的晶粒尺寸.同时还发现,焙烧温度越高,生成的NiAl2O4的还原温度越高.