全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1317篇 |
免费 | 132篇 |
国内免费 | 108篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 688篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 178篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
数学 | 220篇 |
物理学 | 443篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 27篇 |
2021年 | 27篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 40篇 |
2016年 | 55篇 |
2015年 | 42篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 125篇 |
2012年 | 91篇 |
2011年 | 70篇 |
2010年 | 46篇 |
2009年 | 77篇 |
2008年 | 69篇 |
2007年 | 86篇 |
2006年 | 67篇 |
2005年 | 61篇 |
2004年 | 69篇 |
2003年 | 69篇 |
2002年 | 45篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 40篇 |
1998年 | 28篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 27篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1557条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
41.
This paper concerns the application of excess adsorption isotherms, measured for solvent mixture/adsorbent systems, to the characterization of TLC data. For this purpose the excess adsorption isotherms for three liquid mixtures: cyclohexane/ benzene, benzene/acetone, and carbon tetrachloride/ethyl acetate on silica gel at 20°C have been measured. These mixtures have been used as binary mobile phases in TLC measurements. It has been shown for a given solute in binary mobile phase that the quantity RM is a simple function of the excess adsorption. Parameters of this function have been used to characterize chromatographic systems with binary mobile phases. 相似文献
42.
43.
A novel alcohol dehydration membrane with a three layer structure has been prepared. The top layer is a thin dense film of chitosan (CS), and the support layer is made of microporous polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Between the dense and microporous layer, there is an intermolecular cross-linking layer. This novel composite membrane has a high separation factor of more than 8000 and a good permeation rate of 0.26 kg/m2 h for the pervaporation of 90 wt% ethanol aqueous solution at 60°C, 0.8 kg/m2 h flux for a n-PrOH/water system and around 1 kg/m2 h flux for an i-PrOH/water system using 80 wt% alcohol concentration at 60°C. The separation factor for both cases is more than 105. The separation performance varies with feed composition, operating temperature and conditions of membrane preparation. The results show that the separation factor and flux of this membrane increase with raising the operating temperature. At the same time, the crosslinking layer improves durability of the composite membrane, and the pervaporation performance can be adjusted by changing the structure of the cross-linking layer. The cross section of the composite membrane has been examined by SEM. 相似文献
44.
The adsorption of a surfactant mixture, based on an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and a nonionic
surfactant (Triton X-100, or TX100), on alumina nanoparticles was determined by solution depletion method combined with spectrometric
measurement. It is shown that the light scattering, originated from the residual adsorbent alumina particles in the supernatant
after centrifugation separation, interferes with the measurements of absorbance of the surfactant molecules, and therefore
constitutes an error source for determination of the surfactant concentration in the supernatant by spectrometric means. The
intensity of this light scattering, namely the influence of the residual alumina nanoparticles upon the surfactant adsorption,
was related to the surfactant adsorption and its equilibrium concentration and varied among a batch. In this paper we report
a Kalman filter method in order to eliminate the variational scattering background caused by non-separated residual alumina
nanoparticles in each supernatant. This method is of interest as it is simple, easy to carry out and of high precision. 相似文献
45.
Baeva M. Luo X. Schäfer J. H. Uhlenbusch J. Zhang Z. 《Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing》1998,18(4):429-446
The present work deals with a pulsed microwave discharge in an Ar/CF
4
gas mixture under a low pressure (1–10 mbar). The discharge chamber developed has a cylindrical geometry with a coupling window alternatively made of quartz or alumina. The setup allows one to investigate the plasma–wall interactions (here etching of the quartz window) and the ignition process of the pulsed microwave plasma. Microwave pulses with a duration of 50–200 s and repetition rate between 1 and 10 kHz are typical for the experiments. The space-time behavior of the fluorine number density in the discharge has been investigated experimentally by optical actinometry. The discharge kinetics is modeled using electron-transport parameters and rate coefficients derived from solutions of the Boltzmann equation. Together with the solution of the continuity and electron balance equations and the rate equations describing the production of CF
x
(x=2, 3, 4) radicals and F atoms, a good agreement between experimental and theoretical data can be achieved. 相似文献
46.
There is much enthusiasm now-a-days for efforts to improve membrane performances. Membrane modification is one of the critical approaches needed for the development of membrane science and technology. The beauty of research in this orientation is that it is a dynamic process that moves forward slowly and recommendations are made based on the science available. In this regard sulfonation of polysulfones is an excellent move. The present review demonstrates different sulfonation strategies of polysulfones as well as promoting applications in pressure driven separation sciences (viz. salt, macromolecule, organic separation from water). It shows that marked path is promising one. 相似文献
47.
In our previous work (Hu et al., 2014), a method has been proposed to detect gas compositions by locating the acoustic spectral peaks, which can be detected only by two-frequency acoustic measurements in practice. However, as a ‘Detection Calibration’, the effective relaxation area (ERA) constructed by existing theoretical model cannot match the two-frequency measurements when there are more than one strong relaxational components in gas mixtures. This paper proposes a method to construct the ERA by coupling the decoupled single relaxation times together to a whole relaxation time. For gas mixtures with only one single relaxation process, the predicted ERA results match with the experimental data better than those predicted by the existing model. Moreover, for gas mixtures in which more than one relaxation process are significant, the ERA results predicted by the proposed method also match with the detection results of two-frequency measurements better than the existing model. This relaxation time coupling based ERA constructing method is validated by the application in low-quality natural gas detection. 相似文献
48.
Salt effects on macrophase separations in non‐stoichiometric mixtures of oppositely charged macromolecules: Theory and experiment
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
A. E. Machinskaya L. Leclercq M. Boustta M. Vert V. V. Vasilevskaya 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2016,54(17):1717-1730
In the field of biological applications, polyelectrolyte complexes are proposed to encapsulate bioactive compounds, to deliver drugs, and also to transfect genes into cells under the name of polyplexes. Complex formation is obtained by addition of a polycation solution into a polyanion solution or vice‐versa. This work proposes a theoretical approach to describe complex formation in the case of non‐stoichiometric mixtures of oppositely charged macroions having different degrees of ionization and different degrees of polymerization under different salt conditions. In a second part, comparison was made with experimental data collected when a weak polybase, namely poly(l ‐lysine) under its bromide form was added stepwise to solutions of various polyanions under their sodium salt form, namely poly(l ‐lysine citramide imide), poly(l ‐lysine citramide), and poly(β‐malic acid), the latter lacking hydroxyl groups attached to the main chain. The stability of stroichiometric complexes made of poly(l ‐lysine) and poly(l ‐lysine citramide) having different molecular masses is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1717–1730 相似文献
49.
Globular proteins exhibit dielectrophoresis (DEP) responses in experiments where the applied field gradient factor ∇E2 appears far too small, according to standard DEP theory, to overcome dispersive forces associated with the thermal energy kT of disorder. To address this a DEP force equation is proposed that replaces a previous empirical relationship between the macroscopic and microscopic forms of the Clausius–Mossotti factor. This equation relates the DEP response of a protein directly to the dielectric increment δε+ and decrement δε− that characterize its β-dispersion at radio frequencies, and also indirectly to its intrinsic dipole moment by way of providing a measure of the protein's effective volume. A parameter Γpw, taken as a measure of cross-correlated dipole interactions between the protein and its water molecules of hydration, is included in this equation. For 9 of the 12 proteins, for which an evaluation can presently be made, Γpw has a value of ≈4600 ± 120. These conclusions follow an analysis of the failure of macroscopic dielectric mixture (effective medium) theories to predict the dielectric properties of solvated proteins. The implication of a polarizability greatly exceeding the intrinsic value for a protein might reflect the formation of relaxor ferroelectric nanodomains in its hydration shell. 相似文献
50.
Induced twisted-grain-boundary phases in the binary mixtures of a cholesteric and a nematic compound
Thermodynamical, optical-texture and dielectric studies have been performed to study the phase diagram of the binary system of 5-cholesten-3β-ol-octanoate and 4-n-nonyloxybenzoic acid. It is observed that low concentrations of 5-cholesten-3β-ol-octanoate (2–30?mol?%) in 4-n-nonyloxybenzoic acid induce a mean-field phase diagram derived by Renn within the framework of the chiral Chen–Lubenski model. Various optical textures of the twisted-grain-boundary (TGB) phases under different conditions of molecular anchoring have been observed. Weak transitions related to the TGB phases have been detected by temperature dependent dielectric spectroscopy. 相似文献