Theory of Supercoiled Elastic Rings with Self-Contact and Its Application to DNA Plasmids

Methods are presented for obtaining exact analytical representations of supercoiled equilibrium configurations of impenetrable elastic rods of circular cross-section that have been pretwisted and closed to form rings, and a discussion is given of applications in the theory of the elastic rod model for DNA. When, as here, self-contact is taken into account, and the rod is assumed to be inextensible, intrinsically straight, transversely isotropic, and homogeneous, the important parameters in the theory are the excess link Δℒ (a measure of the amount the rod was twisted before its ends were joined), the ratio ω of the coefficients of torsional and flexural rigidity, and the ratio d of cross-sectional diameter to the length of the axial curve C. Solutions of the equations of equilibrium are given for cases in which self-contact occurs at isolated points and along intervals. Bifurcation diagrams are presented as graphs of Δℒ versus the writhe of C and are employed for analysis of the stability of equilibrium configurations. It is shown that, in addition to primary, secondary, and tertiary branches that arise by successive bifurcations from the trivial branch made up of configurations for which the axial curve is a circle, there are families of equilibrium configurations that are isolas in the sense that they are not connected to bifurcation branches by paths of equilibrium configurations compatible with the assumed impenetrability of the rod. Each of the isolas found to date is connected to a bifurcation branch by a path which, although made up of solutions of the governing equations, contains regions on which the condition of impenetrability does not hold. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Optimal Fiber-Mesh Layout for a Composite Anisotropic Elastic Wedge

We consider a homogeneous orthotropic elastic wedge in plane stress loaded by a concentrated force at the apex. The orthotropic material is conceived of to be formed by a matrix reinforced by a triangular net of elastic fibers, so that the fiber size and the net shape determine the average elastic moduli of the composite material. It is found that maintaining fixed the amount of material used for the reinforcement, there exists a particular fiber disposal which maximizes the stiffness of the wedge. The optimal disposal is different-in-type for diverse opening-angles of the wedge. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The numerical solutions of Green's functions for transversely isotropic elastic strata

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粘附弹性体切变的定解问题及其差分解法

两刚性平行平面之间粘附长条弹性体(其横截面为矩形),在上下两面相反方向切向力的作用下,弹性体将发生变形.在导出这种变形的数学模型的基础上,给出了一种新的差分解法.对于具有奇性的边界条件,进行了详细的分析和推导,给出了一种合理而有效的新的离散边界条件.模拟计算表明,其结果与定性分析相吻合.因此对该类问题的研究提供了新的实用的数值解法和数值分析方法.     

Measurement of coatings' elastic properties by mechanical methods: Part 2. Application to thermal barrier coatings

Elastic properties of a thermal barrier ceramic coating composed of an NiCoCrAIY bond coat and a ZrO₂(Y₂O₃) top coat were measured by a four-point bending rig in the temperature range 20°C–900°C. Different types of specimens (i.e., with bond coat only or with bond coat and top coat, on one side or on both sides) were employed. Test procedures were based on the theory discussed in Part 1 to enhance accuracy and to estimate confidence intervals. In particular, the method employed at high temperature was calibrated at room temperature by comparing the results with those obtained by methods with low sensitivity to layer thicknesses. For the bond coat, Young's modulus was found to be temperature independent up to about 500°C; a decreasing trend was observed above this temperature. For the top coat, a slightly temperature range examined. A possible explanation is given on the basis of phase transformation and the microstructure of the two layers. At room temperature, Poisson's ratio for the bond coat was found to be near 0.3, whereas a near zero value was measured for the top coat.     

线载荷积分方程法分析桩顶受任意荷载的弹性斜桩

嵌在各向同性均匀弹性半空间的弹性斜桩顶部,受任意荷载的位移和应力,可分解为在倾斜平面xOz及其法平面yOz内进行分析.将Mindlin力作为基本虚载荷,令集度为未知函数X(t)、Y(t)、Z(t),分别平行于x、y、z轴,的基本载荷沿桩轴t的[0,L]内分布,并在桩顶作用集中力Q_x,Q_y、Z,力偶矩M_y、M_x,根据弹性桩的边界条件,将问题归结为一组Fredholm-Volera型的积分方程.文中给出数值解.计算结果的精度可用功的互等定理来检查.     

Elastic modulus of human cementum

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固体的统一弹、粘、塑性理论

提出了一个弹、粘、塑性统一理论,可用以计算在任意受力过程下物体各点弹、粘、塑性的变化情况.理论的基础是热力学定律及虚弹性假设.文中导出本构关系以及有关的变分原理,由此容易推导空间-时间的有限元构式.值得指出,适当选取文中的物质常数,可以得出类似于当前习用的塑性本构关系.     

文克尔地基上阶梯式矩形薄板的振动

用奇异函数建立文克尔地基上阶梯式矩形薄板自由振动和强迫振动的微分方程并求得其通解,用Ｗ算子给出振型函数的表达式及常见支承条件下板的频率方程,用广义函数的富里叶展开,讨论板在不同载荷作用下的强迫振动响应     

Curing theory of A f -A g type free radical polymerization (II)

By means of the polymer statistical thrury. the A _f -A _g type nonlinear free radical polymerization is investigated to give the number of effective elastic chains, the number of effective elastic mers and the average length for the elastic chains. The corresponding quantities for the dangling chains, the number of effective cross-linkage and the mod-ulus are also obtained. Furthrrmore, the nurnber- and weight-fractions of elastic chains are deduced. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 29673018), the Ph. D. funds of the State Education Commission of China.