国际“物理化学”课程与教学研究评述

通过文献的计量分析和阅读总结,我国物理化学课程与教学研究还局限于经验与思辨。我们梳理了国际权威期刊上研究物理化学教学的文献,将其分为教科书研究、学习研究、教学研究、教师研究和教学媒体研究等5类,并对其中核心成果进行评述。总结出国外物理化学课程与教学研究注重学习证据的收集和分析,注重教育研究方法的运用,并对于未来高等化学教育研究提出建议。     

锕系异核双金属化合物

锕系金属有机化合物的研究已成为金属有机化学研究领域的热点之一,其化合物的合成和分离极具挑战性,其中锕系异核双金属化合物在催化和小分子活化方面有潜在的应用前景。随着人们对锕系独特电子结构及其性质的深入认识,锕系异核双金属化合物的研究也取得了一些进展。本文总结了锕系异核双金属化合物近30年的研究成果,主要包括锕系-过渡金属体系和锕系-主族金属体系的实验和理论研究。     

Research of the planar optical fiber Bragg grating hydrophone probe

This paper presents the planar Fiber Bragg Grating （FBG） hydrophone probe sensing principle, and theoretically and experimentally researches the probe structure sensitivity, the receiving sensitivity frequency response characteristic and the acceleration response property. Planar sheet is made of stainless steel, its thickness is 0.15 mm, its diameter is 15mm, and the length of hollow circular shell is 20 mm. For this size of the structure, the probe structure sensitivity is up to 23 fm/Pa, which is about 7300 times of the value of the bare fiber. The resonance frequency is 6.5 kHz, and the amplitude-frequency curve of the receiving sensitivity response is relatively flat within the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5.5 kHz. The output yielded by one unit acceleration （1m/s2） is equivalent to （2.52 to 3.26 Pa） acoustic pressure acting output. This probe structure is easy to form FBG hydrophone array by multiplexing technique. The research shows that this planar structure not only can form FBG hydrophone probe, but also can constitute optical FBG laser hydrophone probe. The structure can realize different bandwidth, different range acoustic pressure measurement by adjusting the geometrical size of the sheet.     

Magnetic properties and electron spin resonance of Ecuadorian obsidians. Application to provenance research of archeological samples

Obsidians from major Ecuadorian sources were analyzed by SQUID magnetometry and electron spin resonance (ESR). The association of these two techniques permits to differentiate obsidians from the sources of Cotopaxi volcano and from the Quiscatola and Mullumica–Callejones sources of the Chacana caldera, taking into account various parameters arising from the M vs. H cycles and the X-band ESR spectra. The analysis of 27 archeological samples coming from the prehispanic site of La Maná allowed us to infer that most of them come from the Mullumica–Callejones source.     

大气气溶胶物理光学特性研究进展

大气气溶胶粒子作为地气系统的重要组成成分之一,在紫外、可见到红外很宽的波段内对辐射传输产生影响,一方面通过对电磁波的散射和吸收作用,导致光波的能量衰减;另一方面则把吸收的能量转化为其本身的热能,起到加热大气的作用.这一过程在直接和间接的辐射气候效应的模拟、激光大气传输、高分辨率光谱研究、地基和空基遥感、大气辐射订正、环境监测技术、目标探测和识别、陆上交通和航空航海都有着重要作用.详细阐述了大气气溶胶物理光学特性近年来的研究进展,为气溶胶科学后续研究工作的更好开展提供参考. 关键词： 大气光学 大气气溶胶 物理光学特性 研究进展     

以应用光学为基础的大学生科研训练

大学生科研训练计划是培养创新型人才的重要措施。以创新教育理念为出发点,以光学工程学科的专业基础课程应用光学为基础,从课程与周边学科的联系中,从教师的高水平科研项目以及地方企业的实际需求中提取原料和课题供给学生从事研究。仅就近两年内先后指导的11项共计40余名学生的SRTP项目为例,指导学生撰写论文和申请专利,有效地开阔了学生的视野,培养了学生的研究能力、创新思维与工程素质,提高了课程的教学质量,对其它专业基础课程建设具有借鉴意义。     

150K温区混合工质采用带预冷的林德制冷机的实验研究

提出了利用带预冷的林德制冷系统获得了150K温区的制冷方案。建立了实验装置,进行了不同配比的三元混合工质(R23/R14/Ar)的制冷循环的性能实验。实验结果表明:三元混合工质(R23/R14/Ar)的最佳配比为0.46:0.39:0.15,在无热负荷时,制冷温度为150K时,降温时间为85m in。     

Managing differences by focusing on communication qualities: Pupils learning mathematics in pairs at a computer

The article presents a study of face-to-face verbal communication when pupils work with geometry in pairs and share a stand-alone computer with Geoboard software. The work sessions of pairs of 9th grade pupils are video recorded, and a screen recorder is used to capture their computer activity. The study focuses on identifying and characterizing good communication practices that enhance mathematics learning through joint research reflections between the pupils, the teacher, and the researcher. The major finding concerns how two of the pupils have diverging perspectives on how to communicate mathematics, yet they manage to have productive collaboration. The differences generate collaborative challenges for the pupils and an opportunity to discuss how pupils’ communication qualities can prove important in fruitfully managing such challenges.     

有机化学实验线上课程之扬长避短教学设计与实践篇

It has been two months since a boom of online education triggered by the epidemic in China. At present, we are keeping focus on how to optimize our online class. In the case of chemistry laboratory courses, there's not much that can be done to experimental operations through online teaching. While for the traditional teaching procedure, there is still room for improvement in terms of integrating research to teaching, interactivity, etc. This paper will present some design strategies for improving teaching the organic chemistry laboratory online. To be specific, it describes how teaching materials like the lesson plan and virtual lab were coordinated into the online teaching. And we will also discuss the holistic approach to a better outcome for students' active learning and integration research into teaching by redesigning multiple phases, such as the pre-laboratory preparation, live online class, experimental operations.     

Measurement of preferences with self-explicated approaches: A classification and merge of trade-off- and non-trade-off-based evaluation types

Self-explicated approaches are popular preference measurement approaches for products with many attributes. This article classifies previous self-explicated approaches according to their evaluation types, i.e. trade-off- versus non-trade-off-based, and outlines their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, it proposes a new method, the presorted adaptive self-explicated approach that is based on Netzer and Srinivasan’s (2011) adaptive self-explicated approach and that combines trade-off- and non-trade-off-based evaluation types. Two empirical studies compare this new method with the most popular existing self-explicated approaches, including the adaptive self-explicated approach and paired comparison preference measurement. The new method overcomes the insufficient discrimination between importance weights, as usually found in non-trade-off-based evaluation types; discourages respondents’ simplification strategies, as are frequently encountered in trade-off evaluation types; is easy to implement; and yields high predictive validity compared with other popular self-explicated approaches.