微型X射线管靶材厚度理论计算与出射光谱模拟研究

根据端窗透射微型X射线管阳极靶的结构,建立了数理模型,讨论了电子束打靶的平均厚度与光管高压的关系,得到了X光管出射特征光谱强度的角度分布特征。同时利用Monte Carlo方法,对出射光谱在2π方向上的强度分布特征开展模拟研究。结果表明,微型X射线管阳极靶材平均厚度在2 μm左右,在与入射电子束垂直方向几度的范围内获得的出射光谱其单色性较好。这些结论对于微型X射线管的结构设计和出射光谱单色化应用具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Dielectric effect on the rf characteristics of a helical groove travelling wave tube

A new type of partial-dielectric-loaded helical groove slow-wave structure (SWS) for millimetre wave travelling wave tube (TWT） is presented in this paper.The radio-frequency characteristics including the dispersion properties,the longitudinal electric field distribution and the beam-wave coupling impedance of this structure are analysed.The results show that the dispersion of the helical groove circuit is weakened,the phase velocity is reduced and the position of the maximum Ez is moved from the mouth to the inside of the groove after partially filling the dielectric materials in the helical groove SWS.Therefore,the dielectric-loaded helical groove SWS is suitable for a multi-beam TWT with broad band and high gain.     

Fabrication and optical properties of platinum nanowire arrays on anodic aluminium oxide templates

Arrays of Pt nanowires, fabricated by electrodepositing Pt metal into nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates, exhibit a preferable optical absorption band in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectra and present a blueshift as the wire aspect ratio increases or its radius decreases. This type of optical property of Pt nanowire/porous alumina composites has been theoretically explored using Maxwell－Garnett (MG) effective medium theory. The MG theory, however, is only applicable to nanowires with an infinitesimally small radius relative to the wavelength of an incident light. The nanowire radius is controlled by the pore radius of the host alumina, which depends on anodizing conditions such as the selected electrolyte, anodizing time, temperature and voltage. The nanowire aspect ratios depend on the amount of Pt deposited into the nanopores of AAO films. The optical absorption properties of the arrays of Pt nanowires with diameters of 24, 55 and 90 nm have been investigated by the UV-VIS spectra, which show that the extinction maximum (λ_max) shifts to shorter wavelength side as the wire aspect ratio increases or its radius decreases. The results are qualitatively consistent with those calculated based on the MG theory.     

植物研究用γ射线成像系统设计

为了利用正电子发射断层成像技术在植物生理功能研究中的优势,正在开发由两个探测器相向放置构成的γ射线成像系统.系统中采用的探测器是由10×10的氧正硅酸镥(LSO)晶体阵列与滨松R5900-C12耦合组成.单个LSO尺寸为1.8mm×1.8mm×10mm.根据PET应用的特点,测试了该探测器的性能.所有闪烁晶体的图像在位置图谱中清楚可见;511keV全能峰处的能量分辨率位于14.5%—22%之间;符合时间分辨率随着位置灵敏光电倍增管的供给电压的增加而得到改善.这些实验结果表明,该LSO探测器适于构造高分辨率的双探测器成像系统.     

取样管型流分相式气液两相流体流量计

提出了用取样管来组成一种分流分相式气液两相流体流量计,通过取样管从被测两相流中成比例地分流出一部分气液混合物,然后应用-小型分离器将其分离成单相气体和液体,并用单相流量计分别测量它们的流量,最后根据测量值计算被测两相流体的各相总流量.文中给出了这种两相流体流量计的组成原理,分流系数特性及实验结果.研究结果表明,取样管的端口形状对分流系数的特性影响较大,其中S型端口的效果较理想,能够在较宽的测量范围内保持分流系数的稳定.     

幅相一致行波管高频电路CAD研究

 在行波管的设计和装配过程中，各部件的尺寸必须严格控制，高频电路参数的离散对行波管色散特性有极大的影响。使用螺旋导电面模型，模拟计算了高频结构各主要参数离散对色散特性和轴向互作用耦合阻抗的影响。分析计算了夹持杆宽度、翼片高度、螺旋线平均半径、螺距、夹持杆介电常数等离散时对色散特性和轴向互作用耦合阻抗的影响，为新型幅相一致行波管的设计和生产提供了很有价值的参考建议。     

A two-frame approach for scene-based nonuniformity correction in array sensors

This paper introduces a new scene-based technique to correct the fixed-pattern noise (FPN) in array sensors. This method registers a pair of image frames exhibiting small relative scene translation and then the noise pattern can be reconstructed using the constrained least-squares estimation. The key advantage of this technique is that the accurate estimates of the bias nonuniformity can be obtained with only two images, without imposing any assumptions on the structure of the FPN. Besides, the method works on almost static scene, and therefore does not require larger scale global motion and statistical assumptions on the scene irradiance. We test our method on synthetically generated FPN as well as with real infrared data, and experimental results demonstrate the significant reduction in FPN, validating the effectiveness of our approach. Finally, we validate the feasibility and validity of using the proposed method as a first step fostering the success of more sophisticated registration-based time-evolving correction algorithms.     

A New Cooperation Mechanism of Kinesin Motors when Extracting Membrane Tube

Membrane tubes are important functional elements for living cells. Experiments have found that membrane tubes can be extracted from giant lipid vesicles by groups of kinesin. How these motors cooperate in extracting the membrane tube is a very important issue but still unclear so far. In this paper, we propose a cooperation mechanism called two-track-dumbbell model, in which kinesin is regarded as a dumbbell with an end (tail domain) tethered on the fluid-like membrane and the other end (head domain) stepping on the microtubule. Taking account of the elasticity of kinesin molecule and the excluded volume effect of both the head domain and the tail domain of kinesin, which are not considered in previous models, we simulate the growth process of the membrane tube pulled by kinesin motors. Our results indicate that in the case of strong or moderate exclusion of motor tails, the average number of motors pulling the tube can be as high as 9 and thus motors moving along a single microtubule protofilament can generate enough force to extract membrane tubes from vesicles. This result is different from previous studies and may be tested by future experiments.     

基于反中值滤波的红外焦平面自适应非均匀性校正方法

分析了红外焦平面阵列非均匀性的噪声特性，提出了一种用反中值滤波为核心的红外焦平面自适应校正的方法。针对实际的图像进行了实验，实验证明该方法在校正效果、收敛速度、对静止目标保持能力及可硬件化等方面都有较好的表现。     

二维全同Nb4团簇在Cu(100)表面的结构稳定性和电子性质

使用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势法和超原胞模型，研究了吸附在Cu(100)表面上的二维有序排列的幻数团簇Nb₄的结构稳定性及其电子结构性质.计算表明，四面体结构和平面的菱形结构的Nb₄团簇都可以稳定地吸附在Cu(100)表面上，这个体系很可能有重要的应用前景.在Cu(100)表面上，菱形结构的Nb₄比四面体结构的Nb₄更稳定，从Nb₄团簇的四面体结构到菱形结构，需经过的势垒高度约为0.94eV/团蔟.电子结构的计算表明，在Nb₄吸附后，Cu(100)表面与Nb₄团簇间有明显的电荷重新分布，表面Cu原子的电子态密度也明显改变. 关键词： 4团簇')" href="#">Nb₄团簇 有序排列 结构稳定性 从头计算