Evaluation of phenyldimethylethoxysilane treated high-performance thin-layer chromatographic plates. Application to analysis of flavonoids inScutellariae radix

Summary The retention and selectivity of flavonoids (baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin A) inScutellariae radix have been studies by high-performance thin-layer chromatography on phenyldimethylethoxysilane-treated silica plates. The silica plates treated with phenyl groups were used for physical and chemical analysis. From elemental carbon analysis, the maximum number of bonded phenyl surface groups per gram was calculated to be 0.467×10²¹ (Oginal silica plate: Merck Art. 15109, Silica gel 100 F₂₅₄). With methanol-1/15 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.2) mixtures as mobile phase, baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A inScutellariae radix were separated. It has been shown that phenyl-treated plates are more suitable for selective separation of baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A than octadecyl-treated plates.     

Surface free energies of styrene-acrylic acid copolymer plates prepared in various frames

Styrene (St)-acrylic acid (AA) copolymer plates were synthesized in the frames made of glass, aluminum (Al) and poly(difluoroethylene) (PDFE). Surface properties of the prepared copolymer plates were characterized with regard to critical surface tension ( _C ), chemical components by IR analysis and surface energies (total energy, _S ; dispersion force components, _S ^d ; polar component, _S ^p ; hydrogen bonding component, _S ^h ) and the following results were obtained.The _C values of the copolymer plates increased with AA content and also depended on the sort of the used frame. The increasing order of the _C values of the copolymer plates corresponded to those of the used frames, namely, PDFE frame < Al frame < Glass frame.The prepared copolymer plates with low AA contents (ca. 10 mol%) were enriched in the AA moiety in the surface layer regardless of the kind of the used frame.The total and the individual components of the surface free energies of the copolymer plates were largely affected by the property of the used frame. The glass frame gave the plate with higher _S ^h values suggesting preferential orientation of the polar site of AA component.     

The electron microscope characterization of the fine structure of nylon 6: II. On the rearrangement of the structure during cold-drawing

The transmission electron microscope (TEM) visualization of the supermolecular structure of cold-drawn, oriented nylon 6 bulk material (bristles) by stained ultra-thin sections is reported. For evaluating the electron micrographs optical diffraction (OD) has been applied in comparison with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The deformation of the spherulites was followed by polarization microscopy. In addition, investigations were carried out on commercial nylon 6 fibres. As the main result a transverse structure was revealed within the drawn samples at draw ratios between =4 and 4.5, consisting of mosaic crystals which show some lateral alignment. The structure is described by a modified layer lattice model. While the long period may increase slightly during drawing, the crystallite thickness remains almost constant. Fibres with =3.4 show a similarly oriented structure though the lateral alignment of the crystals is not so pronounced.     

Supramolecular Protein-Polyelectrolyte Assembly at Near Physiological Conditions—Water Proton NMR,ITC, and DLS Study

The in vivo potency of polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants is inherently linked to the ability of these ionic macromolecules to assemble with antigenic proteins in aqueous solutions and form physiologically stable supramolecular complexes. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of interactions in this biologically relevant system is a prerequisite for a better understanding of mechanism of immunoadjuvant activity. Present study explores a self-assembly of polyphosphazene immunoadjuvant—PCPP and a model antigen—lysozyme in a physiologically relevant environment—saline solution and neutral pH. Three analytical techniques were employed to characterize reaction thermodynamics, water-solute structural organization, and supramolecular dimensions: isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), water proton nuclear magnetic resonance (wNMR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The formation of lysozyme–PCPP complexes at near physiological conditions was detected by all methods and the avidity was modulated by a physical state and dimensions of the assemblies. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the dissociation constant in micromolar range and the dominance of enthalpy factor in interactions, which is in line with previously suggested model of protein charge anisotropy and small persistence length of the polymer favoring the formation of high affinity complexes. The paper reports advantageous use of wNMR method for studying protein-polymer interactions, especially for low protein-load complexes.     

基于修正模态应变能指标的板结构损伤定位

为解决模态应变能方法识别中产生的"邻近效应"问题,提出基于修正模态应变能指标的板结构损伤定位方法.该方法首先利用邻近测点的应变能变化相对大小计算权重系数,再根据权重系数对测点相应区域的应变能进行重新分配.此外,通过定义的损伤辨识度指标研究噪声对损伤定位结果的影响.为验证本文所提方法的可行性和有效性,以一个四边简支板为数值算例.算例结果表明,本文方法对于点状、块状和带状损伤都可以实现准确定位,且具有良好的抗噪性.     

硬夹心矩形夹层板的整体稳定性分析

论文在Reissner型理论给出的位移模式基础上,修正其软夹心假设,考虑夹心层面内刚度,给出了硬夹心夹层板的几何方程、物理方程,建立了硬夹心夹层板结构在面内纵向载荷作用下的平衡微分方程,并对方程进行了简化,通过理论计算得到了四边简支条件下硬夹心矩形夹层板整体失稳临界载荷的解析解,并分别计算了夹心层材料的弹性模量E、厚度h、泊松比μc对硬夹心夹层板临界载荷的影响,结果证明,对于硬夹心夹层结构,夹心层面内刚度对硬夹心夹层板整体失稳临界载荷的影响较大,考虑其面内刚度是必要的.     

功能梯度简支矩形板的非线性动力响应

研究了功能梯度简支矩形板在横向简谐激励作用下的非线性动力响应问题.采用幂律分布规律描述功能梯度材料的等效材料参数,基于Galerkin法建立了系统广义坐标的常微分控制方程.利用平均法得到了系统的幅频响应特性,分析了功能梯度矩形薄板的非线性主共振特性.数值算例验证了平均化方法的正确性,揭示了功能梯度平板主共振响应中的多值性和跳跃现象;同时分析发现初始条件会改变功能梯度平板主共振的响应幅值.最后讨论了功能梯度材料的梯度指数对系统幅值响应的影响.     

全三维35 GHz双阳极磁控注入式电子枪数值模拟研究

基于trade-off平衡方程组得到35 GHz双阳极磁控注入式电子枪的初始参数,通过编程对其主要参数进行优化设计,并经由自主研发的PIC粒子模拟软件CHIPIC中的电子枪计算模块对其进行全三维的数值模拟研究,最终获得了具有横纵速度比为1.5,最大速度零散约为5.4%的高性能电子枪,能够很好地满足35 GHz-100 kW回旋振荡管对电子束的要求。     

正交偏振板对聚焦光斑偏振特性的影响

在间接驱动的惯性约束聚变（ICF）驱动器中,为控制靶腔入口及其附近光场的偏振特性及辐照均匀性,采用二维光谱角色散（2D-SSD）、随机相位板（RPP）和正交偏振板（OPCP）联用的束匀滑方案,数值模拟和理论分析了OPCP对焦面及离焦面处光场偏振特性以及强度均匀性的影响,并讨论了正交偏振板单元数的选取问题。结果表明,不同单元数正交偏振板对焦面及其附近光场偏振特性和强度均匀性的影响程度不同,且光场偏振特性对离焦并不敏感。此外,离焦会使强度均匀性变差,适当增加正交偏振板单元数可以在一定程度上减弱这种影响。