四节点二十四自由度平板壳单元几何刚度矩阵显式解析式的推演算法研究

几何刚度矩阵的推演是结构几何非线性有限元分析的重点和难点之一。推导几何刚度矩阵显式解析表达式成为简化非线性有限元列式,提高分析效率的关键。本文在协同转动法框架下,基于刚体运动法则对四节点二十四自由度的平板壳单元几何刚度矩阵显式解析式进行了推导和讨论;分析了悬臂梁大转动、不同壁厚条件下简支圆柱形屋顶空间大变位两个经典算例。研究结果表明：（1）几何刚度矩阵的显式计算公式不仅为板壳结构几何非线性列式提供了方便而且具有良好的精度;（2）推导的几何刚度矩阵适用于各类型四边形二十四自由度平板壳单元模型;（3）与数值积分相比,采用解析形式的几何刚度矩阵可以显著提高非线性响应计算效率。     

竖向动载荷作用下平面框架结构水平动力响应分析

固定旋转机械引起的结构振动及其减、隔振控制是设备减、隔振领域一个十分重要的研究课题.以往的研究主要关注结构的竖向振动,而结构水平向振动往往被忽略.论文以设置有固定旋转设备的单层框架结构为例,分析了结构水平和竖向动位移幅值与结构固有频率、设备安装位置及设备运转频率之间的关系.研究结果表明,在特定条件下,结构水平向振动响应可能大于竖向振动响应,这一现象在设计时应引起足够的重视.     

Static lateral stiffness of wire rope isolators

This paper presents an analytical model for the static lateral stiffness of Wire Rope Isolators (WRI). The wire rope isolator, which is a passive isolation device, has been widely adopted as a shock and vibration isolation for many types of equipment and lightweight structures. The major advantage of the WRI is its ability to provide isolation in all three planes and in any orientation. The WRI in the lateral roll mode, is required to possess the required lateral stiffness to support and isolate the equipment effectively. The static lateral stiffness of WRI depends mainly on the geometrical characteristics and wire rope properties. The model developed in this paper is validated experimentally using a series of monotonic loading tests. The flexural rigidity of the wire ropes, which is required in the model, was determined from the transverse bending test on several wire rope cables. It was observed that the lateral stiffness is significantly influenced by the wire rope diameter and height of the isolator. The proposed analytical model can be used for the evaluation of lateral stiffness and in the preliminary design of the WRI.     

一种含负刚度元件的新型动力吸振器的参数优化

提出了一种含有负刚度弹簧元件的新型动力吸振器模型,对该模型的最优参数进行了详细研究. 通过拉氏变换得到了系统的解析解,发现该系统存在着两个固定点,利用固定点理论得到了动力吸振器的最优阻尼比和最优频率比. 进一步研究发现接地刚度取负值时能够得到更好的减振效果,根据负刚度的特性得到了在保证系统稳定情况下的最优负刚度比. 通过数值解与解析解的对比证明了解析解的正确性. 通过与两种已有的典型动力吸振器模型在简谐激励和随机激励情况下的对比,说明了负刚度模型在主系统减振方面具有很大的优势,减振效果远优于两种已有动力吸振器模型,从而为设计新型动力吸振器模型提出了理论上的依据.      

The mathematical phenomenological mapping in non-linear dynamics of spur gear pair and radial ball bearing due to the variable stiffness

In this paper the philosophy of mathematical phenomenological mapping has been applied to the non-linear dynamics of spur gears and radial ball bearings. The spur gear pair dynamics and rolling element bearing dynamics are analyzed separately, but with a tendency to reduce the both of the systems to the same mathematical model. The different reasonable assumptions are taken in every of these analyzes, but they do not have significant influence to the accuracy of the results. The systems are reduced to the single degree of freedom dynamics model. The total gear stiffness and ball bearing stiffness are recognized as the main influent factor of vibration behavior of these machine elements. Therefore, the special attention was paid to the new approach and procedure for stiffness solving and related problems. A single spur gear pair dynamics is solved and the results for total gear stiffness and vibration are shown. The conclusions emphasize the importance of described parallel analyzes in order to reduce the calculation time in solving different phenomena with usage of the principle of mathematical phenomenology.     

Dynamic buckling of partially-sway frames with varying stiffness using catastrophe theory

This work deals with the static and dynamic stability analysis of imperfect partially-sway frames with non-uniform columns. The examined two-bar frames are elastically supported and subjected to an eccentrically vertical load at their joint. Through a linear stability analysis, the effect of the taper ratio of the column cross-section on the buckling capacity of the partially-sway frame is thoroughly discussed. Using a non-linear method an accurate formula has been established for determining the exact asymmetric bifurcation point associated with the maximum load carrying capacity. These findings have been re-derived more readily using Catastrophe Theory (CT) and considering the frame as a one degree-of-freedom (1-DOF) system through an efficient technique. A local analysis allows us to classify, after reduction, the total potential energy (TPE) function of the system to one of the seven elementary Thom׳s catastrophes (with known properties) and to obtain static and dynamic singularity as well as bifurcational sets. It has been found that geometrical and loading imperfections, which are always present in structural engineering problems, have a significant effect on the dynamic buckling loads. The efficiency of the present approach is illustrated via several examples, while results from finite element analyses are in good agreement with the analytical solution presented herein.     

Tire tread pattern design trigger on the stress distribution over rigid surfaces and soil compaction

Studies comparing the structural differences of tires have not qualitatively or quantitatively considered the effects of tread geometry on tire behaviour or the interactions of the tire with the surface. Therefore, to determine the effects of different tire tread patterns on the stress distribution of the tire and soil compaction, we compared the structural behaviours of a high-flotation tractive-tread (TT) tire and a smooth-tread (ST) tire. The experiments were conducted over a rigid and over a deformable surface. The results from the rigid surface shows the influences of the tread pattern and sidewalls is dependent of the loads. Over the deformable surface, the contact area of the TT tire was larger than that of the ST tire. The inflation pressure (IP) was mainly responsible for the load support before the soil reached its maximum deformation. Next, the tread and sidewalls exhibited the same behaviour as observed on the rigid surface. In addition, we observed alterations in the balloon point with the tread geometry and the type of surface due to changes in the contact pressure. With carcass deformation, the volume of the tire was visibly reduced, which indicated that the IP could increase.     

粗糙薄层弹性体接触刚度分析

薄层弹性体功能结构表面在工程领域有着广泛的应用前景,薄层弹性体的接触特性分析对功能结构表面设计与应用非常重要.采用随机粗糙表面模拟生成技术和有限元分析技术建立了粗糙薄层弹性体表面的接触刚度确定性分析模型,研究了薄层弹性体的接触特性,对基于半数值确定性分析方法的粗糙层-基体层串联模型用于粗糙薄层弹性体接触刚度计算的适用性进行了讨论,进一步分析了粗糙薄层弹性体串联模型接触刚度的误差来源.研究结果表明:当薄层弹性体的基体层厚度小于10倍表面均方根粗糙度时,由传统粗糙层-基体层串联模型分析获得的粗糙薄层弹性体刚度误差将超过15%,误差主要来源于粗糙峰的大变形和基体层的局部变形不均匀的共同作用.     

一种低机械噪声弱耦合的微机电陀螺敏感结构

研究了一种能够在大气压下达到较高性能的微机电陀螺敏感结构。设计了一种用于敏感垂直于结构平面方向的角速度的、驱动轴和检测轴相似的线振动微机电陀螺敏感结构。用U形梁隔离驱动器、敏感质量块和检测器以降低机械耦合,检测轴采用变面积式检测电容以降低阻尼。推导了振动速率陀螺的机械频率响应特性,分析了机械热噪声和在调谐及非调谐模式下检测电路噪声等效的角速度噪声,分析了梁的刚度矩阵和机械耦合特性,测试了结构的驱动-检测耦合频率响应。在大气压下陀螺检测轴品质因数达到66,机械热噪声为1.89((°)·h-1)/√Hz,理论耦合刚度比大于800。     

大跨度悬索桥索股抗弯刚度对锚跨张力测试精度的影响研究

为研究索股抗弯刚度对张力测试精度的影响,基于能量法推导了计入索股抗弯刚度和忽略索股抗弯刚度影响的悬索桥锚跨索股在两端铰接时索股张力和自振频率的关系,考虑到悬索桥索股边界条件的复杂性,结合动平衡法得出了索股在一端铰接一端弹性支承时索股张力与自振频率之间的相关表达式。通过算例,对所得表达式的精度及有效性进行了验证,结果发现索股的抗弯刚度对索股张力控制精度的影响较大。工程应用研究则表明,索股抗弯刚度对测试精度的影响,主要由索股张力产生的应力刚度与索股抗弯刚度之间的比值决定;锚跨索股边界条件的不确定性,对控制精度也产生较大影响,施工锚跨张力控制过程中,结合提出的最小二乘法,能有效地解决该问题,并能大幅提高索股张力控制精度。