探究轻质塑料桶在尖端附近的旋转现象

基于轻质塑料桶在尖端放电时旋转方向的不一致现象提出问题,利用酒精灯火焰来显示带电粒子的流动方向,并探究在接地尖端附近粒子运动的异常现象。实验发现,接地端也存在放电现象。     

基于积分直方图的快速粒子滤波跟踪算法

基于直方图的粒子滤波已成功地用于解决计算机视觉中的目标跟踪问题,但是,在观测似然计算上的低效限制了它们的实时应用。针对该问题,提出了一种快速的粒子跟踪方法。其建立在积分直方图技术的基础上,使得每个候选样本的观测似然能够由少量的查找表运算有效地计算出来。该方法使用了大量的粒子以确保鲁棒性,同时确保具备实时跟踪的能力。实验结果表明该方法在计算效率上优于通常的粒子滤波跟踪方法。     

变工况下旋转机械故障跟踪的相空间曲变方法

为实现在工况变化条件下对旋转机械的故障预测, 提出使用相空间曲变和平滑正交分解理论在变工况条件下跟踪旋转机械的故障演化过程. 首先在对目标系统的观测时间序列相空间重构的基础上, 通过量化相空间曲变构建信号损伤演化的跟踪函数, 为弥补累积模型误差和相空间点局部分布概率差异造成的误差, 将时间序列和相空间进行分割, 并以此构建跟踪矩阵; 再利用平滑正交分解方法将跟踪矩阵中分别由实际损伤劣化和工况变化造成的演化趋势进行分离, 根据平滑正交特征值提取出其中能够反映实际故障演化趋势的平滑正交分量; 最后以变转速情况下轴承外环故障退化的仿真信号为例验证算法的有效性. 计算结果表明: 本文提出的算法能够对旋转机械故障的演化趋势实现有效跟踪, 基本排除转速波动造成的工况变化影响. 关键词： 相空间曲变 平滑正交分解 变工况 故障跟踪     

Tracking almost periodic signals under white noise perturbations

A result of the "law of large numbers" type is obtained for the cost of tracking almost periodic signals if the deterministic optimal feedback law is used in the presence of white noise perturbations     

Robust Contour Tracking Model Using a Variational Level-Set Algorithm

In this work, we provide a novel variational level-set based object contour tracking approach. Thus, a mathematically rigorous variant of the Chan-Vese algorithm for image segmentation via geometric active contour model is proposed here. With respect to the original contour detection algorithm, the level set function ?(t) defining the evolving contour S _t  = {x; ?(t, x) = 0} is iteratively computed from a nonlinear parabolic boundary value problem that is well posed in the space of functions with bounded variations. We provide a robust mathematical justification of the proposed level-set model.     

Sub-sample swapping for sequential Monte Carlo approximation of high-dimensional densities in the context of complex object tracking

In this paper, we address the problem of complex object tracking using the particle filter framework, which essentially amounts to estimate high-dimensional distributions by a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm. For this purpose, we first exploit Dynamic Bayesian Networks to determine conditionally independent subspaces of the object’s state space, which allows us to independently perform the particle filter’s propagations and corrections over small spaces. Second, we propose a swapping process to transform the weighted particle set provided by the update step of the particle filter into a “new particle set” better focusing on high peaks of the posterior distribution. This new methodology, called Swapping-Based Partitioned Sampling, is proved to be mathematically sound and is successfully tested and validated on synthetic video sequences for single or multiple articulated object tracking.     

大气湍流对天文望远镜光电导行精度的影响

讨论了由大气湍流造成的望远镜导行误差,这一误差将给望远镜光电导行的精度带来较大影响。其中使用单点源目标的导行精度受限于大气相干长度和大气相干时间,而多点源目标及面源的导行精度还与湍流随高度的变化有关。通过分析和仿真(数值模拟)结果表明,现代天文观测必须考虑大气湍流对光电导行精度的影响。通过延长曝光时间可以有效降低湍流大气的影响,同时也降低了光电导行的反馈控制频率。当导行信标为多星或面源则可在一定程度上降低高层大气湍流带来的光电导行误差,从而可以适度减少光电导行曝光时间,提高其反馈控制频率。     

Excited state tracking during the relaxation of coordination compounds

The ability to locate minima on electronic excited states (ESs) potential energy surfaces both in the case of bright and dark states is crucial for a full understanding of photochemical reactions. This task has become a standard practice for small- to medium-sized organic chromophores thanks to the constant developments in the field of computational photochemistry. However, this remains a very challenging effort when it comes to the optimization of ESs of transition metal complexes (TMCs), not only due to the presence of several electronic ESs close in energy, but also due to the complex nature of the ESs involved. In this article, we present a simple yet powerful method to follow an ES of interest during a structural optimization in the case of TMCs, based on the use of a compact hole-particle representation of the electronic transition, namely the natural transition orbitals (NTOs). State tracking using NTOs is unambiguously accomplished by computing the mono-electronic wave function overlap between consecutive steps of the optimization. Here, we demonstrate that this simple but robust procedure works not only in the case of the cytosine but also in the case of the ES optimization of a ruthenium nitrosyl complex which is very problematic with standard approaches. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Computational Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Sensitive and automated detection of iron-oxide-labeled cells using phase image cross-correlation analysis

Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are increasingly being used to noninvasively track cells, target specific molecules and monitor gene expression in vivo. Contrast changes that are subtle relative to intrinsic sources of contrast present a significant detection challenge. Here, we describe a postprocessing algorithm, called Phase map cross-correlation Detection and Quantification (PDQ), with the purpose of automating identification and quantification of localized accumulations of SPIO agents. The method is designed to sacrifice little flexibility - it works on previously acquired data and allows the use of conventional high-SNR pulse sequences with no extra scan time. We first investigated the theoretical detection limits of PDQ using a simulated dipole field. This method was then applied to three-dimensional (3D) MRI data sets of agarose gel containing isolated dipoles and ex vivo transplanted allogenic rat hearts infiltrated by numerous iron-oxide-labeled macrophages as a result of organ rejection. A simulated dipole field showed this method to be robust in very low signal-to-noise ratio images. Analysis of agarose gel and allogenic rat heart shows that this method can automatically identify and count dipoles while visualizing their biodistribution in 3D renderings. In the heart, this information was used to calculate a quantitative index that may indicate its degree of cellular infiltration.     

新型动态多光学目标模拟装置研究

介绍了多光学系统观测平台的检测方法现状,列举了现有检测用光电靶标的局限性。叙述了动态光学靶标的功能原理,提出一种新的检测设备,即双光源动态光电目标模拟装置的设计方案。并对其进行了理论分析和可行性论证。着重对坐标变换过程进行了演算,证明基准转换的正确性。结合理论基础和现有的工程设计经验,论述了该新型双光源动态光电目标模拟装置的工程化设计方案。最后对该设计方案的最终精度进行了分析,验证了该设计方案可以满足多光学系统观测平台的综合检测和标定需求。