Effects of low-intensity ultrasound on the growth,cell membrane permeability and ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Effects of low-intensity ultrasound (at different frequency, treatment time and power) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different growth phase were evaluated by the biomass in the paper. In addition, the cell membrane permeability and ethanol tolerance of sonicated Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also researched. The results revealed that the biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased by 127.03% under the optimum ultrasonic conditions such as frequency 28 kHz, power 140 W/L and ultrasonic time 1 h when Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured to the latent anaphase. And the membrane permeability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in latent anaphase enhanced by ultrasound, resulting in the augment of extracellular protein, nucleic acid and fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) contents. In addition, sonication could accelerate the damage of high concentration alcohol to Saccharomyces cerevisiae although the ethanol tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was not affected significantly by ultrasound.     

多层介质膜光谱调制反射镜的反应离子束刻蚀误差容限

 在千焦拍瓦高功率放大系统设计中,激光脉冲的时空和光谱整形技术一直受到人们的广泛关注。利用反应离子束刻蚀等微纳超精细加工而成的多层电介质结构反射镜可在高功率条件下实现啁啾脉冲的光谱整形。在光谱整形介质结构反射镜的设计与制造中,需要根据要求的反射率来合理提出反应离子束刻蚀误差容限指标。推导出反应离子束刻蚀误差容限的解析表达式。针对神光Ⅱ千焦拍瓦高功率放大系统设计中提出的多层介质光谱调制反射镜,分析了调制结构反射镜各层加工的容许误差,确定了反应离子束刻蚀误差容限指标。研究表明：刻蚀高折射率介质的加工误差容限为35 nm;刻蚀低折射率介质的加工误差容限为62 nm。此外,还从使用需要和加工难易的角度,对刻蚀方案进行了讨论。就加工难易程度而言,优选反应离子束刻蚀方案,且采用刻蚀并残留低折射率介质的方案更容易实现。     

猫眼动镜横移误差容限及次镜倾斜分析

介绍了猫眼动镜干涉光谱仪的基本原理和三种猫眼镜,分析了猫眼动镜的横向偏移对干涉图的影响,推导了横移所产生的最大附加光程差公式,从相位误差角度给出了猫眼动镜的横移误差容限公式并得到了在典型参量下的定量数据．分析了猫眼镜次镜倾斜对光程差的影响,导出了次镜倾斜所产生的最大附加光程差公式,并给出了在典型参量下最大附加光程差与次镜倾角之间的关系图．     

PtCeOx/C as a novel methanol-tolerant electrocatalyst of oxygen reduction for direct methanol fuel cells

A prominent methanol-tolerant characteristic of the PtCeO_x/C electrocatalyst was found during oxygen reduction reaction process. The carbon-supported platinum modified with cerium oxide (PtCeO_x/C) as cathode electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells was prepared via a simple and effective route. The synthesized electrocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the cerium oxide within PtCeO_x/C present in an amorphous form on the carbon support surface and the PtCeO_x/C possesses almost similar disordered morphological structure and slightly smaller particle size compared with the unmodified Pt/C catalyst.     

分散聚合法制备耐盐型两性絮凝剂及絮凝性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主体,同时引入正、负2种电荷基团单体,在盐水介质中采用分散聚合法,成功制备了耐盐型两性絮凝剂（P（AM/AA/DMBAC）,简称AAB系列）。 系统地考察了分散介质、分散剂、单体浓度和链转移剂（次磷酸钠、甲酸钠）用量对两性絮凝剂AAB特性粘数和表观黏度的影响,确定了最佳反应条件为：n(AM)∶n(AA)∶n(DMBAC)=90∶5∶5,w（单体含量）=13%、w（PDAC）=6%(基于单体总质量)、w（硫酸铵）=25%(基于体系质量)、w（引发剂（VA-044））=0.2%(基于单体总质量)、ρ（次磷酸钠）=0.05 g/L、ρ（甲酸钠）=1.0 g/L,反应温度35 ℃,反应时间24 h,并通过絮凝试验评价了该两型絮凝剂的絮凝性能和耐盐性。 结果表明,在最佳反应条件下,两性絮凝剂具有较大的特性粘数（5.2 dL/g）和良好的稳定性;在高盐浓度的模拟污水中,两性絮凝剂具有使用剂量小（30×10-6）,絮团沉降速率快（2.56 s-1）等优点,表现出优异的絮凝能力和良好的耐盐性。     

考虑盗版容忍度的软件产品动态定价模型

基于收益管理理论,对产品瞬态扩散模型进行拓展,选择盗版容忍度、价格和创新改进作为控制变量,扩散速度和创新水平作为状态变量,构建收益最大化的动态定价模型,依据最优化控制理论,建立哈密尔顿方程进行求解,探讨了三个控制变量的联合优化策略和相关特性,通过算例仿真验证其结论。结论显示:应采取撇脂定价策略;当由盗版引起边际收益增加的价值量与损失价值相等时,盗版容忍度达到最优;与产品生命周期的成长阶段相比较,在成熟阶段,应逐渐增加盗版容忍度,同时,减缓创新改进的速度;当损失结构降低时,应提高盗版容忍度,并且可采用创新与保护监管相互互补的策略。动态建模能够拓展静态模型中关于网络外部性的概念,分析连续状态下的变量,与自适应学习机制相一致,对实践具有更好的借鉴作用。     

不同耐热型春玉米品种对高温的光谱特征响应

运用两种光谱仪（SPAD-502叶绿素仪与Sunscan植物冠层分析仪）分析了华北平原不同耐热型春玉米品种的光合性能对灌浆期高温的光谱学特征响应。田间试验于2011年—2012年在河北省吴桥县进行。品种选用天玉198、兴玉998与天润606,设置2个播种期（4月15日与4月25日）,于灌浆期测定3个光谱特征值,即叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）、叶面积指数（leaf area index, LAI）与光合有效辐射（photosynthetically active radiation, PAR）。结果表明,播种期4月15日与4月25日相比,春玉米灌浆期≥33 ℃日最高气温的天数与日均温分别增加了3.5 d和0.8 ℃,而日照时数、降雨量、气温日较差及生育期长短均相似; 天玉198与兴玉998、天润606相比,耐热指数（stress tolerance indices, STI）分别高2.9%,11.0%; 根据STI由大到小的顺序,将天玉198、兴玉998与天润606分别定为耐热型、较耐热型与不耐热型品种; 播种期4月15日,天玉198比兴玉998、天润606的产量分别高4.1%,13.7%,SPAD分别高12.5%,19.6%,LAI分别高5.3%,5.6%,PAR分别高4.0%,14.0%; 播种期4月25日,产量分别高1.3%,2.8%; SPAD分别高3.5%,6.0%,LAI分别高1.7%,4.1%,PAR分别高-4.4%,0.9%; 三个品种在高温胁迫环境下产量差异显著,耐热型品种具有显著的产量、SPAD与LAI优势（p＜0.05）。播种期4月15日相对于4月25日,天玉198、兴玉998、天润606的产量分别降低了3.2%,5.9%,12.6%; SPAD分别降低了8.6%,12.4%,15.7%; LAI分别降低了11.7%,17.6%,19.8%; PAR分别降低了3.4%,11.3%,14.5%; STI与SPAD的降幅（r=-0.883,p＜0.05）、LAI的降幅（r=-0.853,p＜0.05）均呈显著负相关,与PAR的降幅（r=-0.923,p＜0.01）呈极显著负相关; SPAD的降幅与PAR的降幅（r=0.872,p＜0.05）呈显著正相关; LAI的降幅与PAR的降幅（r=0.943,p＜0.05）呈极显著正相关。综上所述,耐热型春玉米品种在灌浆期受高温胁迫时,能够在个体层面保持相对较高的叶绿素含量,在群体层面保持相对较高的叶面积,进而保持了较高的光能截获与利用,削弱了高温对光合的抑制程度,缩小了产量降幅,实现了高产与稳产; 品种的耐热性可以通过其光谱特征（SPAD,LAI和PAR）对高温的响应作为鉴定与评价的主要指标之一,为利用光谱特征研究玉米耐热性提供了依据。     

Mechanical Properties and Flow Behavior of Polymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery

The mechanical properties and flow behavior in porous media of three different polymer systems including a hydrophobically modified acrylamide-based copolymer (HMSPAM), a partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), and a polysaccharide (xanthan gum) were evaluated to establish their functional differentiation as mobility control agents in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The rheological properties of the polymers were described by the power-law model to investigate their non-Newtonian behavior. The first normal stress difference (N₁) and Weissenberg number (W_e) were also used to compare their elastic properties. The experimental results showed that, at comparable shear viscosity, HMSPAM exhibited significant elasticity compared to HPAM and xanthan gum. Shear resistance tests indicated that all of the polymers experienced an extra stress when converging into a capillary tube due to the “entrance effect.” Xanthan gum was the most mechanically stable polymer. Moreover, HMSPAM showed the superior reformability which was quantified by the regained viscosity with relaxation time. This could be explained by the rapid re-association of the hydrophobic interactions. Sandpack flood tests indicated that HMSPAM rendered extremely high mobility control ability during polymer flooding suggesting its potential in EOR. However, this polymer also experienced significant retention within the porous media (potential injectivity and plugging problems), which may be attributed to the formation of bulky associative polymer networks. In this work, UV spectrometry was employed to monitor the concentration of the produced polymer solutions and quantify the polymer retention within porous media. This analytical approach offers great reliability and simplicity. It was concluded that the use of a particular polymer system depends on the oil reservoir conditions and the target EOR application.     

Design, synthesis and primary activity of thiomorpholine derivatives as DPP-IV inhibitors

Thirteen thiomorpholine-bearing compounds were designed and synthesized as dipeptidyl peptidase IV（DPP-IV） inhibitors, with natural and non-natural L-amino acids as the starting materials.Their structures were characterized by ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR and HR-MS.The target compounds were screened for the DPP-IV inhibition,and the preliminary SAR result was obtained.Particularly, compounds 4c,4d and 4f with good DPP-IV inhibition in vitro were further evaluated through a mouse oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT）.The preliminary result showed the potential value for further studies on those thiomorpholine-bearing compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors.     

电枢超导型高温超导电机原理样机的温度场数值模拟研究

本文对一种电枢绕组部分采用高温超导线圈,转子励磁部分采用永磁体的新型高温超导原理样机进行了整体温度场的数值模拟计算,主要包括稳态冷却过程、瞬态冷却过程及零件配合面径向变形量计算三个方面的内容.通过对边界条件及传热条件的简化,建立了电机的近似平面轴对称传热模型,得出了高温超导线圈处冷却至工作温度(77K左右)所需的时间.另外还计算出零件配合面上的径向变形量,可据此制订低温尺寸公差,为零件的机械加工提供了指导.