一种可用于生产效率评价的灰靶评估算法

本文在分析和比较了DEA和灰靶评估两种方法之后，给出一种可用于生产效率评价的灰靶评估算法。该算法由于运用了DEA方法中的“生产效率”概念，弥补了灰靶评估算法不能对不同的被评价单元进行效率评价的不足，从而拓宽了灰靶评估算法的应用背景。文章最后给出实例分析。     

A new volume of fluid method in three dimensions—Part II: Piecewise‐planar interface reconstruction with cubic‐Bézier fit

A new interface reconstruction method in 3D is presented. The method involves a conservative level‐contour reconstruction coupled to a cubic‐Bézier interpolation. The use of the proposed piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) reconstruction scheme coupled to a multidimensional time integration provides solutions of second‐order spatial and temporal accuracy. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed reconstruction algorithm are demonstrated through several tests, whose results are compared with those obtained with other recently proposed methods. An overall improvement in accuracy with respect to other recent methods has been achieved, along with a substantial reduction in the central processing unit time required. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二维井眼轨道设计模型及应用

讨论了一般二维井眼轨道设计问题.建立了二维轨道设计一般数学模型,根据轨道设计约束方程,可任意选择两个设计参数作为未知数进行求解,得到了全部解析计算公式.这种方法设计计算简单、精确、快速、灵活,具有普遍适用性.可广泛用于二维定向井、水平井和多目标井的设计,为井眼轨道设计提供了理论依据.     

Diffusion of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored bovine prion protein (PrP) in supported lipid membranes studied by single-molecule and complementary ensemble methods

In this work cellular bovine prion protein (PrP^c) was incorporated in supported lipid membranes and its lateral diffusion was studied by single-dye tracking (SDT) and a complementary ensemble method, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). PrP^c was purified from calf brain with its native glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor and reconstituted into DMPC lipid vesicles. Homogeneous spreading on solid supports over macroscopic areas was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. FRAP results demonstrated very high mobile fractions of up to 94%, confirming that most of the GPI-anchored PrP^c are freely diffusive in the fluid supported membrane matrix. Moreover, the lateral diffusivity of PrP^c significantly depends on the pH of the buffer, suggesting that the conformation of PrP^c and thus the frictional drag exerted to the protein molecule (and thus the effective hydrodynamic radius) is influenced by the effective net charge. To complement the ensemble results obtained by FRAP, the statistical variation of lateral diffusion coefficients of individual PrP^c molecules in the supported membranes were measured with SDT. Simulation-based statistical analysis indicated that in addition to the expected statistical scatter there is a significant spread of diffusion coefficients, while the average of the diffusion coefficients of individual proteins obtained by SDT is in excellent agreement with those measured by ensemble FRAP. In further experiments, PrP^c was laterally concentrated in the membrane by the application of tangential electric fields (membrane electrophoresis). However, the equilibrium concentration profile reached after 20 min was different from an exponential gradient. This finding suggests that PrP^c purified from bovine brain possesses non-uniform net charges. As the lateral diffusion coefficient of proteins in two-dimensional lipid membranes sensitively depends upon the frictional drag, the combination of SDT, ensemble FRAP, and membrane electrophoresis can be used as a powerful tool to gain insights into protein–protein binding and oligomer formation that would play a crucial role in infectious protein transmitted diseases such as BSE.     

Temperature-programmed synthesis of micron-sized multi-responsive microgels

A new synthetic protocol for the synthesis of large diameter (2.5 to 5 μm), temperature-, and pH-responsive microgels via aqueous surfactant-free radical precipitation copolymerization is presented. We have found that in this size range, which is not typically attainable using traditional dispersion polymerization approaches, excellent monodispersity and size control are achieved when the synthesis employs a programmed temperature ramp from 45 to 65 °C during the nucleation stage of the polymerization. A combined kinetic and thermodynamic hypothesis for large particle formation under these conditions is described. Particle sizes, volume phase transition temperatures, and pH responsivity were characterized by particle tracking and photon correlation spectroscopy to illustrate their similar behavior to particles made via more traditional routes. These particles have been enabling for various studies in our group where microscopic visualization of the particles is required.     

A study of the practical limitations of principal components analysis and the labelling of unresolved HPLC peaks

Summary The method of iterative target transformation factor analysis (ITTFA) used in conjunction with second derivative peak finding has shown to be a practical method for the peak deconvolution and reconstruction of HPLC chromatograms and spectra. The second derivative method of peak finding is acceptable for resolutions above 0.5 for peaks of similar heights. Above 0.5 resolution the labelling gives correct results where the spectra are substantially different and also when reasonably similar. Below this value the peak labelling was still accurate where the spectra were different. Solvent effects on the spectra of the compounds studied are small and do not hinder the peak labelling process. Thus small “local” libraries are feasible. Presented at the 17th International Symposium on Chromatography, September 25–30, 1988. Vienna, Austria.     

惯性约束聚变靶丸内杂质气体抽空流洗过程的数值模拟

低温冷冻靶是实现惯性约束聚变(inertial confinement fusion,ICF)的关键部件之一.低温靶靶丸内杂质气体的去除程度和效率对低温靶燃料冰层的在线制备具有重要意义.依据低温靶物理对冰层杂质含量的设计要求,在计算靶丸内杂质气体最大允许分压的基础上,建立了靶丸内气体在微米级充气管内流动的抽空流洗模型.模拟研究了不同微管尺度及结构、温度对靶丸内杂质气体抽空流洗效率的影响规律,获得了靶丸充气微管的最佳管型设计方案.基于最佳管型设计,优化得到了具有最高抽空流洗效率的抽空时间与流洗次数组合策略.     

基于MODIS数据的卫星辐射特性研究

本文提出了一种结合MODIS数据产品和MODTRAN模型的典型地形条件空间目标红外辐射特性计算方法。考虑了地形条件和大气环境对空间目标的红外辐射特性影响,应用MODIS 3级陆地,海洋,冰雪圈数据产品得到全球温度分布,地形特征分布,将温度及地形条件代入MODTRAN计算得到地表-目标的辐亮度,进而计算目标的外热流以及表达目标的红外辐射特性。之后以全年第189天为例,计算卫星在某一时刻下的各表面的自身辐射、反射辐射、有效辐射。最后计算目标在不同天顶角下辐射强度随方向角的变化趋势。结果表明,空间目标的红外辐射特性与其运行姿态、所在位置的地形条件、表面材料、观测角度均有关系。     

Redundant actuators to achieve minimal vibration trajectory tracking of flexible multibodies: Theory and application

We address the problem of inverse dynamics for flexible multibodies, which arises, in trajectory tracking control of flexible multibodies such as space manipulators and articulated flexible structures. Previous research has resolved this trajectory tracking problem by computing the system inputs for feedforward control of actuators at the joints. Recently, the use of distributed actuators like electro-strictive actuators in flexible structures has introduced a new dimension to this trajectory tracking problem. In this paper we optimally utilize such actuators to aid joint actuators for tracking control, and introduce a new inverse dynamics scheme for simultaneously (1) tracking a prescribed trajectory and (2) minimizing ensuing elastic deflections. We apply this scheme for trajectory tracking of a two-link two-joint planar manipulator with joint motors and distributed electro-strictive actuators. Experimental results are presented to contrast our new scheme with other existing methods.