等厚双层涂层材料受集中力作用的平面问题理论解

界面应力的正确评价是分析薄膜涂层材料力学特性的难题之一。利用镜像点法和Dirichlet等值性原理,本文推导了等厚双层薄膜涂层材料受表面集中力作用的平面问题理论解。该显式理论解是以固定在各镜像点上的局部坐标系下的Goursat应力函数的形式给出的。对应于高阶镜像点的应力函数,可通过递推的方法,从对应于低阶镜像点的应力函数求得,而且也易于计算机编程。随着镜像点阶数的增大,它与界面的距离也越来越大,因而相对应的应力函数对界面应力的影响越来越小。最后的算例表明,只需考虑前面有限个镜像点,便可获得足够精度的解。该理论解可作为格林函数,以求解复杂问题的理论解,也可用作边界元法的基本解,提高数值计算的精度和效率。     

压力梯度对湍流逆梯度输运的影响

研究Birkhoff系统的一般Lie对称性导致的非Noether守恒量. 得到非Noether守恒量的存在定理,举例说明结果的应用.     

含孔软铁磁材料Mindlin板中弹性波散射问题

基于考虑磁弹相互作用的Mindlin板弯曲波动方程,采用波函数展开法,分析研究了含孔软铁磁材料Mindlin板中弹性波散射与动应力集中问题,给出了问题的分析解和数值算例. 通过分析发现：磁感应强度对动弯矩集中系数和动剪力集中系数有增加的作用,特别是在低频的情况下.     

平面弹性介质多孔多裂纹问题的一种数值方法

提出了平面弹性介质中多孔洞多裂纹相互作用问题的一种数值计算方法. 通过把适于单一裂纹的Bueckner原理扩充到含有多孔洞多裂纹的一般体系,将原问题分解为承受远处载荷不含裂纹不含孔洞的均匀问题,和在远处不承受载荷但在裂纹面上和孔洞表面上承受面力的多孔洞多裂纹问题. 于是,以应力强度因子作为参量的问题可以通过考虑后者(多孔洞多裂纹问题)来解决,而利用提出的杂交位移不连续法,这种多孔洞多裂纹问题是容易数值求解的. 算例说明该数值方法对分析平面弹性介质中多孔洞多裂纹相互作用的问题既简单又有效.     

白洋淀内水体的流动特征研究

研究了风对白洋淀内水体循环流动的影响,研究指出：(1)风应力可看作是水体循环的主要驱动力. (2)在风应力的作用下,水体表层的流动主方向与风的方向一致,下层水体的流动方向与表层方向相逆或近似相逆. (3)表层以下水体流动复杂,次表层水平流动有明显的双涡结构. (4)淀底地形对水体垂向流动影响很大,垂向速度变化复杂,垂向上有双涡流动现象. 从动力学角度研究了淀内水体流动的情况.     

PVDF压电薄膜在应力波测量中的应用

综合介绍了PVDF压力传感器的测试原理、动态标定实验,并采用定制的PVDF压力传感器测量了不同类型分层介质在冲击载荷作用下的压力衰减,说明了PVDF压力传感器在压力测量中有着很好的前景．     

应力波和动光弹等差条纹的分析与判读

介绍了动光弹的基本原理,并从理论上回答了动光弹应用中的一些问题,如惯性力可否忽略等．并在总结回顾动光弹等差条纹级次判读方法的基础上,提出了把应力波理论与等差条纹分析判读相结合的方法,这样不仅使条纹判读的概念更清晰,而且可提高条纹分析和级次判读的准确性．     

气缸垫对机体受力和缸套变形影响的实验研究

某四缸柴油机在试制中出现机体裂纹现象,为保证内燃机正常工作,机体裂纹问题急待处理．应用力学理论对此进行分析,得出机体裂纹是由机体受力不均匀引起的结论．同时采用实验应力分析方法,对两种四缸柴油机机体进行了对比实验研究,在实验中发现了缸垫对机体受力和缸套变形的影响,从而提出了一种有效的改进方法,使机体的应力有明显下降,并不再出现裂纹,也未出现漏油、漏气和活塞拉缸等不良现象,大大提高了产品可靠性．     

Interaction of a screw dislocation with an interfacial edge crack in a two-phase piezoelectric material

The interaction of a screw dislocation with an interfacial edge crack in a two-phase piezoelectric medium is investigated. Closed-form solutions of the elastic and electrical fields induced by the screw dislocation are derived using the conformal mapping method in conjunction with the image principle. Based on the electroelastic fields derived, the stress and electric displacement intensity factors, the image force acting on the dislocation are given explicitly. We find that the stress and electric displacement intensity factors depend on the effective electroelastic material constants. In the case where one of two phases is purely elastic, the stress intensity factor and image force are plotted to illustrate the influences of electromechanical coupling effect, the position of the dislocation and the material properties on the interaction mechanism. The project supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Hebei Province (B2003113)     

Interparticle forces arising from an adsorbed strong polyelectrolyte in colloidal dispersions: charged patch attraction

Adsorbed polystyrene sulphonate (PSS) shifts the pH of the zero zeta potential, pH_ς = 0, of ZrO₂ to a lower pH. The positive charge density of ZrO₂ at pH = pH_ς=0 determined from the amount of PSS adsorbed was in excellent agreement with that obtained from charge titration. Polystyrene sulphonic acid shifts pH_ς=0 to a greater degree compared with polyacrylic acid because it is a much stronger acid. A patch is likely to just consist of one adsorbed molecule. The patch is negative when the charges of the molecule exceed the underlying positive surface charge. Attraction between the negative patch and the bare positive surface of a second particle is responsible for increasing the yield stress of concentrated ZrO₂ dispersions at pH_ς=0. Its magnitude is only of the order of the van der Waals attraction. Increasing ionic strength and patch misalignment diminish the attraction. The upper limit of the patch area was estimated from the radius of gyration of the molecule in solution. With a known patch area, the patch charged density can be calculated. With the selection of an appropriate patch area, the yield stress due to charged patch attraction increases linearly with the product of the negative and positive patch densities. Received: 30 March 1998 Accepted: 18 September 1998