中子测井问题中非定常输运方程的谱流线扩散有限元耦合方法

针对中子测井问题,研究非定常Boltamann中子输运方程的确定型数值求解方法,给出了求解Boltzmann方程的球谐函数展开和流线扩散有限元耦合方法,证明了这种耦合方法的收敛性和误差估计。实际算例表明此方法是有效的。     

Convergence of the solution for a domain decomposed,heterogeneously modeled flow past a concave profile problem

The free streamline problem investigated is that of fluid flow past a symmetric truncated concave‐shaped profile between walls. An open wake or cavity is formed behind the profile. Conformal mapping techniques are used to solve this problem. The problem formulated in the hodograph plane is decomposed into two nonoverlapping domains. Heterogeneous modeling is then used to describe the problems, i.e., a different governing differential equation in each domain. In one of these domains, a Baiocchi‐type transformation is used to obtain a fixed domain formulation for the part of the transformed problem containing an unknown boundary. In the other domain, the Baiocchi‐type transformation is extended across the boundary between the two domains, thus yielding a different problem formulation. This also assures that the dependent variables and their normal derivatives are continuous along this common boundary. The numerical solution scheme, a successive over‐relaxation approach, is applied over the whole problem domain with the use of a projection‐operation over only the fixed domain formulated part. Numerical results are obtained for the case of a truncated circular profile. These results are found to be in good agreement with another published result. The existence and uniqueness of the solution to the problem as a variational inequality is shown, and the convergence of the numerical solution using a domain decomposition method scheme is demonstrated by assuming some convergence property on the common interface of the two subdomains. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numeer Methods Partial Differential Eq 16: 459–479, 2000     

离心压气机楔形扩压器设计及改进方法研究

本文针对一总压比为11,质量流量为2.98kg/s的单级离心压气机进行了设计.其中扩压器为楔形扩压器,蜗壳为圆截面对称结构。通过数值计算得到其性能曲线和流场分布,探究了楔形扩压器进口安装角对压气机性能的影响,并对其叶型进行改进设计,最后为其匹配蜗壳得到整级的性能曲线.结果表明采用较大的正冲角、曲线轮廓楔形扩压器性能较高,改进完成后整级等熵效率为81.04%,压比为12.73.     

The contribution of frictional contacts to the shear strength of coarse glass bead powders and slurries

This paper investigates the use of the shear vane technique as a means of determining frictional and cohesive interparticle force contributions to the shear strength of coarse glass bead powders and slurries. To this end, the shear strength of 203-μm glass beads in air and slurried in water and kaolinite suspensions was determined as a function of vane immersion depth, vane geometry, and container size. Both vane immersion depth and container diameter are found to significantly impact the shear strength measured using the vane technique. An equation describing interparticle frictional and cohesive contributions to shear vane measurements was derived in an effort to describe the experimental results. A Janssen stress distribution model for granular materials forms the basis for this equation and appears to explain the behavior of shear strength measurements at varying immersion depths. The presence of the Janssen stress distribution can affect the interpretation of shear vane results. Rather than shear strength being a material property, as is the case with flocculated colloid slurries and polymer solutions, shear strength becomes a process property where vane depth, container size, and container material can result in significant measurement variations. Such parameters should be considered before using the shear vane results on applications involving granular material components.US Department of Energy Environmental Management Science Program project no. 90162.     

New Numerical Solution of the Laplace Equation for Tissue Thickness Measurement in Three-Dimensional MRI

Previous work has shown the importance of thickness measurement in vivo using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI). Thickness is defined as the length of trajectories, also called streamlines, which follow the gradient of the solution of the Laplace equation solved between the inner and the outer surfaces of the tissue using Dirichlet conditions.We present a new numerical solution of the Laplace equation for 3D MRI. Our method is accurate and computationally fast. High accuracy is obtained by solving the Laplace equation for anisotropic 3D MRI.We present also an fast and accurate algorithm for calculation of the length of the streamlines. This algorithm is based on a 26 voxels neighbors method and consists of the summation of the Euclidean distance between different voxels neighbors on the same streamline.Our approach was tested on set of synthetic images and several medical applications including knee cartilage, cerebral cortex of a normal adult and cerebral cortex of a newborn. We compare the results with the Euclidean distance measured normal to one boundary along a path between the two boundaries. Numerical validation was performed on set of magnetic resonance images of the knee cartilage. It shows that the 3D PDE approach provides a better result than the Euclidean distance.Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 92-08, 92C50, 92C55.     

Construction of third-order WNND scheme and its application in complex flow

IntroductionWiththedevelopmentofaeronauticsandaerospacetechnology ,moreandmorerequirementsarearisingforCFD (computationalfluiddynamics) .Oneoftheproblemsistodevelophigherorderaccuracyschemes.Forexample ,whenapplyingLES (largeeddysimulation)orDNS(directnumericalsimulation)methodtosimulatingturbulenceproblem ,theschemesneedthirdorderaccuracyormoreinspace .Anotherquestionistheinfluenceofgrid’sscaletotopologicalstructureofflowfield .Inordertosimulatecomplicatedflowswithseparationorturbulencec…     

三阶WNND格式的构造及在复杂流动中的应用

引入Liu的加权(weight)思想,在NND格式的二阶模板基础上,构造了空间三阶精度的WNND格式．通过对线性波动方程、一维Euler方程和三维Navier-Stokes方程的数值模拟表明:WNND格式在不增加模板插值点的前提下,在对各种间断的分辨率和收敛特性等方面均优于NND格式．采用WNND格式对升力体外形高超声速流场数值模拟表明:升力体外形三维流场结构十分复杂,攻角从0°～50°变化时,背风面表面极限流线依次由不分离、开式分离向起始于鞍、结点组合的高阶奇点的分离方式转化,翼面横向分离亦随攻角增大而增大;垂直于体轴的横截面流动拓扑结构与张涵信给出的理论分析一致,大于20°攻角后,在部分横截面背风对称线上出现结构不稳定的鞍点相连现象．     

Inlet angle distribution of last stage moving blades for large steam turbines

A simplified analytical method is presented for use in preliminary design studies on the final stages of large steam turbines to derive the required moving blade twist distribution to achieve near-zero incidence. The method incorporates the influence of nozzle twist and of casing flare which is shown to enter the analysis mainly through its effect on the distribution of streamline curvature. Provided flare is properly incorporated into the design, there appears to be no inherent reason why higher flare should limit performance unduly. Optimisation of moving blade twist for variations in load and back pressure is also investigated. Blade skeletons derived analytically are subjected to full throughflow calculations and refined where necessary to improve their likely performance. The results are compared with results of calculations with published commercial blade angle distributions, designed for both low- and high-flare turbines. The results of the throughflow calculations on the blades derived here, and the comparisons with apparently successful commercial blades, suggest that this method can be used as a preliminary design tool, freeing the designer from repetitive trial runs with a full throughflow calculation.