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31.
Certain types of defects, such as inhomogeneities in, for example, a plastic-like propellant, are not easily detected by pulse-echo techniques, so a through transmission technique is required. However, the shape of the test object may not permit transmission through the object in any required direction as is normally necessary for computerized ultrasonic tomography.A solid propellant rocket motor is such an object and in the course of this work a scanning technique is employed together with a suitable reconstruction algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the cross-section under investigation, overcoming the problem of not being able to transmit pulses through the object along every line normally required. Both a computer simulation and a real system were realized for the test object and images were produced from both. The time of flight of an ultrasonic beam through the specimen is the parameter used in the reconstruction (sound velocity measurement). 相似文献
32.
Based on the Total Lagrangian approach and the integral constitutive relation, the viscoelastic large deformation incremental variational equation is derived, and the finite element program of axisymmetric problems is written. By using this program the bore change of propellent of nozzleless rocket under the action of both the internal pressure and burning is dealt with in detail. 相似文献
33.
34.
电火箭星际航行:技术进展、轨道设计与综合优化 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
早在1963年, 钱学森先生在他出版的专著《星际航行概论》中阐述了星际航行研究的重要性以及电火箭技术在星际航行中的应用前景. 与传统化学推进相比, 高比冲电火箭或电推进技术有望为星际航行任务承载更多有效载荷以及实现更佳航行性能. 与此同时, 与电火箭技术应用相关的连续推力轨道分析与优化设计为航天轨道力学注入了新的研究内容, 并指导着电火箭星际航行的未来发展. 该文将依次介绍电火箭技术进展、连续推力轨道设计以及电火箭星际航行的综合优化问题, 力图描述电火箭应用于星际航行的基本内容与实现途径以及应用于载人深空飞行的设想. 相似文献
35.
B. Yushau 《International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science & Technology》2013,44(4):523-529
Topics such as linear and nonlinear equations and inequalities, compound inequalities, linear and nonlinear absolute value equations and inequalities, rational equations and inequality are commonly found in college algebra and precalculus textbooks. What is common about these topics is the fact that their solutions and graphs lie in the real line one-dimensional. However, sketching these graphs using computer software and graphing utilities is not straightforward. In this note we show how to use MathCAD to address this problem. The approach is simple and can be used by teachers in teaching almost all topics whose graphs and solutions lie in the real line. The method encourages students to explore mathematical models in these topics. 相似文献
36.
An improved constant volume cycle(CVC) model is developed to analyze the nozzle effects on the thrust and specific impulse of pulse detonation rocket engine(PDRE).Theoretically, this model shows that the thrust coefficient/specific impulse of PDRE is a function of the nozzle contraction/expansion ratio and the operating frequency. The relationship between the nozzle contraction ratio and the operation frequency is obtained by introducing the duty ratio, by which the key problem in the theoretical design can be solved. Therefore, the performance of PDRE can be accessed to guide the preliminary shape design of nozzle conveniently and quickly. The higher the operating frequency of PDRE is, the smaller the nozzle contraction ratio should be. Besides, the lower the ambient pressure is, the larger the expansion ratio of the nozzle should be. When the ambient pressure is 1.013 × 105 Pa, the optimal expansion ratio will be less than 2.26.When the ambient pressure is reduced to vacuum, the extremum of the optimal thrust coefficient is 2.236 9, and the extremum of the specific impulse is 321.01 s. The results of the improved model are verified by numerical simulation. 相似文献
37.
针对现有对固体火箭发动机推进剂燃烧时产生的羽流流速测量方法的不足,提出了将可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术应用于羽流流速的测量方法,通过测量燃烧产物中H2O分子位于1 392 nm处的单根吸收谱线特征,根据多普勒效应建立的光谱频移和分子速度之间的关系来获得气流流速,解决了接触式测量方法会干扰羽流场和传统非接触式测量中示踪粒子不均匀的问题,并且取得了有效试验数据,通过对试验数据进行分析处理,得到了发动机的羽流流速。 相似文献
38.
精确预示地面效应下高速火箭橇的气动特性及流场规律对高速火箭橇的设计和评估具有重要意义。本文应用有限体积方法,研究了湍流模型对火箭橇气动特性计算精度的影响,建立了基于realizable k-ε湍流模型的火箭橇气动特性的高精度数值计算方法;结合风洞试验方法,研究了雷诺数和地面效应对高速火箭橇流场流动规律的影响,分析了火箭橇气动特性。结果表明,火箭橇阻力系数随雷诺数增大而减小,升力系数和俯仰力矩系数随雷诺数增大而增大,但雷诺数对高速火箭橇气动特性的影响较小;地面效应会使火箭橇流场发生激波-激波干扰、激波-边界层干扰和激波反复反射等复杂气动现象,大幅提升了火箭橇的升力系数和俯仰力矩系数,但对阻力系数的影响较小。研究为高速火箭橇气动外形的设计及运动稳定性的评估提供依据。 相似文献
39.
A. KOURTA 《国际流体数值方法杂志》1996,22(6):449-465
The present work is devoted to the numerical simulation of two important phenomena in the field of solid propellant rocket motors: the first is acoustic boundary layers that develop above the burning propellant; the other is a periodic vortex-shedding phenomenon which is the result of a strong coupling between the instability of mean flow shear layers and acoustic motions in the chamber. To predict the acoustic boundary layer, computations were performed for the lower half of a rectangular chamber with bottom-side injection. The outflow pressure is sinusoidally perturbed at a given frequency. For the highest CFL numbers the implicit scheme is not able to compute the unsteadiness in the acoustic boundary layer. With very low CFL numbers or with the explicit scheme the main features of the acoustic field are captured. To simulate the vortex-shedding mechanismin a segmented solid rocket motor, the explicit version is used. This computation shows a mechanism for ‘self-excited’ vortex shedding close to the second axial mode frequency. The use of the flux-splitting technique reduces substantially the amplitude of the oscillations. A few iterations are done with flux splitting, then the computation is performed without this technique. In this case both the frequency and the intensity are well predicted. A geometry more representative of the solid rocket motor is also computed. In this case the vortex-shedding process is more complex and pairing is observed. 相似文献
40.
喷嘴结构对液氧煤油火箭发动机高频燃烧不稳定性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了筛选高压补燃循环液氧煤油火箭发动机的喷嘴,在喷注单元低压高频燃烧不稳定性模拟实验系统上开展实验,研究了喷嘴结构对燃烧稳定性边界的影响。实验使用气态空气与氧气的混合物作为氧化剂,加热的煤油蒸汽作为燃料;喷嘴为全尺寸气液同轴直流离心式喷嘴,模拟燃烧室与真实燃烧室的固有声学频率相等。根据测量模拟燃烧室内的脉动压力区分大幅振荡、小幅振荡和稳定工作。研究结果表明,喷嘴长度、缩进室长度和入口节流嘴直径对高频燃烧不稳定性裕量有很大影响,并存在相对最佳值。 相似文献