Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Copper （Ⅱ） Resorcylic Acid Nanoparticles

IntroductionCopper(Ⅱ) resorcylic acid is a type of conven-tional burning rate catalyst commonly used in solid pro-pellant. Burning rate is considered as an important pa-rameter in the performance of solid propellant. Recentliterature has shown that the b…     

Continuous‐Bed Columns Containing Sol‐Gel Bonded Packing Materials for Capillary Electrochromatography

Sol‐gel bonded packing materials in continuous‐bed columns have been prepared for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). Three packing materials were investigated: small‐pore Spherisorb ODS1 (3 μm, 80 Å) with octadecyl as stationary phase, small‐pore mixed‐mode Spherisorb ODS/SCX (3 μm, 80 Å) with octadecyl and propyl sulfonic acid as stationary phases, and large‐pore Nucleosil ODS (7 μm, 1 400 Å) with octadecyl as stationary phase. The characteristics of these columns were compared in terms of electroosmotic flow, efficiency, inertness, and retention factors. In contrast to columns containing sol‐gel bonded ODS, columns containing sol‐gel bonded mixed‐mode ODS/SCX generated nearly pH independent electroosmotic flow (EOF) over pH 2–9. Columns containing sol‐gel bonded large‐pore ODS produced nearly three times lower reduced plate height than those containing small‐pore ODS. Efficiencies of 220,000 plates per meter and 175,000 plates per meter were obtained from columns containing sol‐gel bonded 7 μm, 1 400 Å ODS and columns containing sol‐gel bonded 3 μm, 80 Å ODS, respectively, which are among the highest reported efficiencies for continuous‐bed columns. In CEC, over one million plates per meter and pH independent EOF are expected from continuous‐bed columns containing sol‐gel bonded 1.5 μm particles with large pores and mixed‐mode stationary phases.     

Flux‐corrected transport technique for open channel flow

In modeling flow in open channels, the traditional finite difference/finite volume schemes become inefficient and warrant special numerical treatment in the presence of shocks and discontinuities. The numerical oscillations that arise by making use of a second‐ and higher‐order schemes require some additional smoothing mechanism. A characteristic feature of high‐resolution schemes lies in smooth capturing of the shock fronts. This paper provides a general formulation for a flux‐corrected transport algorithm to the one‐dimensional open channel flow equations. The preliminary results presented show that the present algorithm is an efficient, conservative and robust tool that can be easily coded. To demonstrate the robustness of the present formulation, results are compared with other published numerical results, experimental data and analytical solutions when available. In particular, a comprehensive study on the effect of the source term, dry bed, variable width channel, steep sloping channel and flow with mixed flow conditions (as in a hydraulic jump) has been carried out to test the efficacy of the present algorithm. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

流化床快速制不定形活性焦脱除烟气中SO2的研究

利用大型流化床制得了适用于脱除烟道气中二氧化硫的不定形活性焦AC-A,并对其进行了特性分析,在固定床上考察了不同条件下脱除SO2的性能。与硫容相近的商业活性焦AC-B的脱硫性能对比,发现其脱硫性能较好。实验结果表明,在烟气中的二氧化硫的体积分数为0.05%~0.12%,反应温度为80 ℃～100 ℃,空速（GHSV）为1 200 h-1,O2的体积分数为6%,水蒸气为10%的情况下,活性焦AC-A保持SO2脱除率在90%以上达5 h。再生循环脱硫实验表明,活性焦AC-A具有良好的再生脱硫活性。     

磁流化床强化烟气脱硫反应机理研究

磁流化床对脱硫反应的强化作用分铁磁颗粒强化和磁场强化两方面.铁磁颗粒强化体现在铁磁颗粒对SO2脱除具有催化氧化作用;磁场强化,体现在磁场能增强Ca(OH)2的溶解度,从而增强Ca(OH)2浆滴的脱硫能力.磁流化床烟气脱硫的试验研究结果证实了上述分析的正确性.     

Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Copper(Ⅱ) Resorcylic Acid Nanoparticles

Copper(Ⅱ) resorcylic acid(CuRes) nanoparticles were synthesized by using reactive precipitation method with resorcylic acid and blue copperas as the raw material in a rotating packed bed. The sample obtained was characterized by using X-ray diffraction( XRD), transmission electron microscopy( TEM ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermo-gravimetric analyses (TG), and element analysis. In addition, the catalytic activity of CuRes nanoparticles on the thermal decomposition of nitrocellulose-nitroglycerine (NC-NG) was also determined via DSC.The results show that the spherical nanoparticles with a diameter of 20 nm were obtained in ethanol solution. The peak temperature of the thermal decomposition of NC-NG-CuRes decreases by 3 ℃ compared with that of normal CuRes,and the decomposition enthalpy is increased by 735 J/g, and therefore, it is reasonable to assume that CuRes nanoparticles have a better catalytic activity.     

纳米硫化锌的制备及光谱分析

采用超重力反应结晶法制备了纳米硫化锌粒子,并通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)对纳米硫化锌的形貌、结构、组成和光谱性能进行了细致分析。结果表明：超重力反应结晶法制备的纳米硫化锌粒子为球形,平均粒径为42 nm;XRD图谱表明纳米硫化锌呈现较好的闪锌矿晶型; XPS能谱表明纳米硫化锌的S(2p)的电子结合能为162.6 eV,Zn的2p_3/2,2p_1/2的电子结合能分别为1021.4, 1044.6eV。红外光谱研究表明纳米硫化锌在400～4 000cm-1范围内具有良好的红外透过率。紫外-可见光谱研究发现纳米硫化锌在200～340nm的紫外区域有较强的吸收,其禁带宽度为3.57eV。EDX能谱表明该法制备的纳米硫化锌具有较高的纯度。     

双层滤料颗粒床除尘器预热过程的仿真研究

颗粒床除尘器在脱除含尘热解煤气粉尘前需要进行预热工作, 从而避免因携带的焦油冷凝造成设备损坏无法工作. 为研究此过程, 采用FLUENT软件对一个大型颗粒床除尘器的预热过程进行数值模拟. 该除尘器壳体内径4.8m, 高度22m, 壳体内沿垂直中心线上安装6个内径3.4m、高1.8m的过滤床. 模拟结果表明, 当预热气在过滤床流速为0.1m?s-1时, 壳体内壁面上下最大温差为76.9℃, 除尘器从10℃加热至500℃需要98880s. 本次模拟采用的阶跃式分段预热制度使除尘器壳体内壁面上下温度差较小, 减小了因温度不均匀造成的材料变形, 模拟中的滤料和壳体温度及预热所需的时间也可给实际的工程应用提供参考.     

六分离器循环流化床内气固流动特性的LES-DEM研究

工业生产中通常采用多分离器布置的方案增大循环流化床的容量.本文采用大涡模拟-离散单元法(Large eddy simulation-Discrete element method,LES-DEM)对六分离器循环流化床内气固流动特性进行了全循环数值模拟研究。该方法在欧拉框架下求解流体的运动,在拉格朗日框架下追踪每个颗粒的运动。结果表明:六个旋风分离器回路中存在着气固分配不均现象,旋风分离器的轴对称布置方式优于中心对称布置方式.提升管内呈现强烈的颗粒聚团行为,颗粒团的体积大致为正态分布频率,其纵横比都大于1,并且随着提升管高度先增加后减小.     

Numerical simulations of high pressure carbon dioxide fluid fluidized beds

Hydrodynamics of carbon dioxide fluid-particle mixtures are predicted using a low density ratio-based kinetic theory of granular flow in high pressure carbon dioxide fluid fluidized beds. A coexistence of particle waves and particle aggregates exists along bed height. The threshold to identify the occurrence of particle aggregates is suggested based on standard deviation of solid volume fractions in aggregative fluidization. The existence time fractions and frequencies of particle aggregates are predicted along axial direction. The effect of carbon dioxide fluid temperature and pressure on volume fraction and velocity distributions are analyzed at different inlet carbon dioxide velocities and particle densities in high pressure carbon dioxide fluidized beds. Simulated results indicate that the carbon dioxide-particles fluidization transits from particulate to aggregative states with the increase of inlet carbon dioxide velocities. The computed fluid volume fractions and heterogeneity indexes are close to the measurements in a high pressure carbon dioxide fluidized bed.