Characterization of Volatile Compounds of Rosa roxburghii Tratt by Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry,Quantitative Measurements,Odor Activity Value,and Aroma Intensity

Rosa roxburghii tratt (RRT), widely distributed in the southwest of China, is favored by consumers for its good taste and healthy functions. In this study, thirty-seven compounds of Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) were identified and quantified by gas chromatography–olfactometry (G–O) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Furthermore, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and ethyl hexanoate were present with much higher odor activity values (OAVs) than other compounds. The key notes were confirmed by omission tests. Possible interaction among key notes was investigated through odor intensity determination and sensory analysis. It showed fruity and woody notes had synergistic effects. Full factorial design was used to evaluate the notes contribution to the whole odor. One important finding is the major effect of order interactions, fruity note (X1) and woody note (X4) especially, emphasizing the existence of complex interactions occurring between odor notes. The interaction X1X4 was further investigated. The woody note has a positive effect when the fruity note is also in the mixture but tends to show a negative effect otherwise.     

一类半线性反应对流扩散模型的特征差分方法和分析

1.引 言如下形式的半线性反应对流扩散方程组分别在生命科学、化学和环境科学中,有大量的应用模型[1-3].其中文献[2-6]分别讨论了方程组(1.1)的各种特殊模型的定性性质.文献[6]讨论了一类线性模型的流线扩散有限元分析.作者在文[7]中,分别利用标准有限元方法和交替方向有限元方法,对(1.1)的一些特殊情形作了数值分析.     

Construction of ternary phase diagrams in nonsolvent/solvent/PMMA systems

In this work, the ternary phase diagrams in three nonsolvent/solvent/PMMA systems (n-hexane/n-butyl acetate/PMMA, water/acetone/PMMA, and n-hexane/acetone/PMMA) were constructed by theoretical calculation and experimental measurement. Binodal curves were calculated by using the Flory–Huggins theory for three-component systems and measured by titrating the PMMA solution with nonsolvent until the onset of turbidity. By using concentration-dependent nonsolvent/solvent and solvent/PMMA interaction parameters and constant nonsolvent/PMMA interaction parameters, good agreement has been obtained between the calculation and the measurement. The values of nonsolvent/solvent interaction parameters were taken from the literature sources, and the values of solvent/PMMA and nonsolvent/PMMA interaction parameters were measured by vapor sorption and swelling equilibrium, respectively. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 607–615, 1998     

Microstructural model for prediction of stress–strain curves of amorphous and semicrystalline elastomers

A fundamental microstructural model was developed to calculate the stress–strain curves of rubbery amorphous polymers and of semicrystalline polymers with a rubbery amorphous phase by numerical simulations. The rubbery amorphous phase was treated by using a version of the theory of rubber elasticity with finite extensibility. Physical entanglements and chemical crosslinks were both allowed. Slippage was implemented by a Monte Carlo algorithm controlled by kinetic parameters such as the activation energy and activation volume for slippage. The crystalline phase was treated in a very idealized manner, including a crude representation of tie chains but not taking the internal structure of the crystallites into account. A two-dimensional embodiment of the model was implemented into software. For amorphous polymers, while lacking truly quantitative accuracy, the model showed sufficiently good agreement with the experimental trends to be used as a qualitative or semiquantitative predictive tool, and it is currently being used in this manner. The more complex semicrystalline version was less accurate and will need to be improved in future work. Most of the limitations of the semicrystalline version could be ascribed unambiguously to specific simplifications made in the software implementation to reduce the amount of computer time required for the calculations. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2715–2739, 1997     

Characteristic polynomial and higher order traces of third order three dimensional tensors

Eigenvalues of tensors play an increasingly important role in many aspects of applied mathematics. The characteristic polynomial provides one of a very few ways that shed lights on intrinsic understanding of the eigenvalues. It is known that the characteristic polynomial of a third order three dimensional tensor has a stunning expression with more than 20000 terms, thus prohibits an effective analysis. In this article, we are trying to make a concise representation of this characteristic polynomial in terms of certain basic determinants. With this, we can successfully write out explicitly the characteristic polynomial of a third order three dimensional tensor in a reasonable length. An immediate benefit is that we can compute out the third and fourth order traces of a third order three dimensional tensor symbolically, which is impossible in the literature.     

用于光催化领域的TiO_2与一维光量子阱复合结构的设计与优化

利用传输矩阵法设计并优化了用于光催化领域的TiO_2与一维光量子阱的复合结构,并分析了ZnS/SiO_2多层膜量子阱结构的透射特性.通过调节一系列的结构参数,在TiO_2光吸收波段(329.23 nm～482.71 nm)得到一个较宽的高反射率带隙,并且在吸收边附近(380 nm左右)得到了一个反射率高于93%的慢光子效应区.通过增加光线与TiO_2的作用时间和路径来提高光催化效率.     

椭偏测量法的油膜紫外可见-近红外光谱光谱偏振特性研究

为实现水面溢油目标的偏振遥感,选择合适的波段和观测角度,需要油膜的光谱偏振特性数据作支撑。在实验室采用椭偏测量的方法,针对不同厚度机油油膜和纯净水作为背景样本,测量了不同观测角度下从紫外到近红外波段（270~900 nm）的镜面反射光谱偏振参数：辅助角ψ和相位差Δ,并对在相同条件下油和水的测量结果作对比。分析表明除布儒斯特角附近位置外,不同厚度的油膜与水的起偏特性在各观测角都存在差异。通过在45°入射角所测的ψ和Δ,得到水/油样本的光谱折射率和消光系数,水折射率经过偏移修正后,与Schiebener水折射率模型的标准差为3×10-5。根据之前得到的油/水参数,对油膜在水背景的物理现象作薄油膜理想介质层建模,用菲涅耳定律仿真自然光的镜面反射,发现在全观测波段相同入射光条件下油膜的反射光存在明显的偏振度（DOP）或偏振角（AOP）光谱偏振可观测性。模型与实际测量结果对比发现：在300~350 nm仿真结果和实际测量相符,油膜的反射光偏振性质趋近于油样本;在350~550 nm,油膜模型仿真结果比实验的干涉效应更明显,油膜实验数据表明其光谱起偏性质依然与油保持一致;在大于550 nm直到近红外波段,实验干涉效应开始显著。说明油膜比油有更强的散射或吸收特性,辨识参数得到油膜的消光系数存在不同于油的随波长先变小后变大的性质。总之,利用光谱椭偏测量方法,通过多波段、多角度测量,分析液体样本的光谱偏振特性和折射率等性质;偏振观测的恰当角度与油/水的布儒斯特角有关,在布鲁斯特角之外的位置观测,油膜的光谱椭偏角相较水都存在分辨能力;对小于200 μm的薄油膜近红外波段可重复性较差,而紫外和可见蓝紫波段相比之下有很好的可重复性和区分性,更适合于对甚薄油膜表面种类的遥感观测。该实验涉及的方法可以用于其他油种油膜的偏振光谱测量,实验数据为偏振遥感工作的波段选择与观测角度提供提供参考。     

Isotropic polynomial invariants of Hall tensor

The Hall tensor emerges from the study of the Hall effect, an important magnetic effect observed in electric conductors and semiconductors. The Hall tensor is third-order and three-dimensional, whose first two indices are skew-symmetric. This paper investigates the isotropic polynomial invariants of the Hall tensor by connecting it with a second-order tensor via the third-order Levi-Civita tensor. A minimal isotropic integrity basis with 10 invariants for the Hall tensor is proposed. Furthermore, it is proved that this minimal integrity basis is also an irreducible isotropic function basis of the Hall tensor.     

基于伽马模型的中等收入定位与人口度量模型研究

主要运用Gamma分布模型刻画收入分配结构及描述洛伦兹曲线, 较好地反映了社会收入分配的公平程度. 利用随机模拟和最大似然方法求得Gamma分布的参数估计, 同时对收入空间法和人口空间法进行了改进, 并将改进的方法对实际数据进行处理, 得到了针对每组数据的中等收入区间.