有效预应力对大跨P.C.桥梁极限承载力的影响研究

采用三维实体退化虚拟层合单元理论探讨了有效预应力对大跨P.C.桥梁极限承载力的影响.针对不同的有效预应力水平,以一座典型的预应力混凝土连续刚构桥为例,采用三维精细化有限元模型,对其极限承载力进行了空间分析计算和讨论.分析表明,有效预应力对大跨P.C.桥梁极限承载力有较大影响,其中,纵向预应力筋有效预应力与竖向预应力筋有效预应力的比例是影响桥梁极限承载力的重要参数.大跨P.C.桥梁结构设计时应充分重视这一问题.     

圆管截面齐次广义屈服函数与结构极限承载力

为克服圆管截面广义屈服准则不满足比例加载条件,导致采用弹性模量调整法求解该类结构极限承载力时存在计算结果受荷载初值影响、计算精度受损等问题,利用回归分析和最小二乘法研究建立了圆管截面广义屈服函数的齐次多项式,通过误差分析确定了齐次化多项式的阶次;据此定义了圆管截面薄壁构件的单元承载比、承载比均匀度和基准承载比,为高承载比薄壁单元的判别及其弹性模量调整提供了动态判据,进而依据能量守恒准则建立了以单元承载比为基本参数的模量调整公式,结合下限原理提出了圆管截面薄壁结构极限承载力分析的弹性模量缩减法。研究表明,选取齐次化多项式的广义屈服函数能更加准确地考虑各项内力对结构极限承载力的综合影响,具有良好的计算精度和效率,可应用于复杂圆管截面薄壁结构的极限承载力分析中。     

塑料SHPB实验中的端面摩擦效应

基于H.Meng的动摩擦实验结果,建立了一个端面动摩擦模型,以描述端面动摩擦因数随SHPB 塑料试样与钢压杆接触界面间最大径向相对滑动速度的关系。在SHPB实验的数值模拟中,分别考虑了该 端面动摩擦模型和以往被广泛采用的常摩擦因数模型,结果发现,选取不同的端面摩擦模型不影响通过塑料 SHPB实验的数值模拟获得的转折应变率(量级为102s-1),然而当应变率超出转折应变率以上时,不同的端 面摩擦模型会对塑料SHPB实验的数值模拟结果产生显著影响,使用提出的端面动摩擦模型可得到更准确 的塑料SHPB实验的数值模拟结果。     

Tracking consensus for nonlinear heterogeneous multi-agent systems subject to unknown disturbances via sliding mode control

We investigate the tracking control for a class of nonlinear heterogeneous leader-follower multi-agent systems(MAS)with unknown external disturbances. Firstly, the neighbor-based distributed finite-time observers are proposed for the followers to estimate the position and velocity of the leader. Then, two novel distributed adaptive control laws are designed by means of linear sliding mode(LSM) as well as nonsingular terminal sliding mode(NTSM), respectively. One can prove that the tracking consensus can be achieved asymptotically under LSM and the tracking error can converge to a quite small neighborhood of the origin in finite time by NTSM in spite of uncertainties and disturbances. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.     

Dynamics of mechanical systems involving impact and friction using an efficient contact detection algorithm

In this work, some new results are presented on the dynamics of a class of multibody mechanical systems, involving contact and friction. The main contribution refers to the development of a systematic, accurate and efficient method for detecting contact among the components of a system of solid bodies. For some simple geometries, this task is achieved by employing analytical means. For systems possessing components with complex geometric shapes a more involved numerical methodology is developed. In both cases, once a potential contact point is detected, the common tangent plane and normal vector are located and the penetration depth is calculated, leading to determination of the force arising between the contacting bodies. This information is then passed to a solver, providing the full dynamic response of the system. The validity and numerical efficiency of the methodology developed is first demonstrated by considering a number of examples with relatively small geometric complexity but large traditional value and interesting dynamic response. Some new results are obtained and presented on the dynamics of these systems. Finally, the same methodology is also tested in a more complicated and demanding mechanical application.     

大承载气浮回转工作台的调心技术

为了实现大口径光学元件表面轮廓的高精度测量,提出了一种大承载气浮回转工作台的调心技术,并研制了一套具有偏心自动调整功能的测控系统。该系统主要由精密气浮回转轴、台达PLC、数显千分表和轮廓仪工作台组成。利用VC++的PLC串口通讯和偏心调整软件的控制,实现了轮廓仪的自动调心功能。     

齿科二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的滑动磨损行为

在人工唾液润滑条件下,利用销—盘磨损试验机研究了齿科二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的滑动磨损行为.结果表明:二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的磨损过程呈现显著的跑合磨损期,且跑合期的磨损率远大于稳定磨损期的磨损率;减小原始表面粗糙度可缩短跑合期,降低跑合期的磨损率.在二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的显微组织中,虽然二硅酸锂晶体相比玻璃基体具有更高的硬度,但在跑合磨损期却更容易发生剥落磨损,造成跑合期磨损表面粗糙度的显著变化,这种现象可能与二硅酸锂晶体具有较低的弹性断裂应变能力(H/E比值)有关.     

On the influence of interfacial properties to the bending rigidity of layered structures

Layered structures are ubiquitous, from one-atom thick layers in two-dimensional materials, to nanoscale lipid bi-layers, and to micro and millimeter thick layers in composites. The mechanical behavior of layered structures heavily depends on the interfacial properties and is of great interest in engineering practice. In this work, we give an analytical solution of the bending rigidity of bilayered structures as a function of the interfacial shear strength. Our results show that while the critical bending stiffness when the interface starts to slide plastically is proportional to the interfacial shear strength, there is a strong nonlinearity between the rigidity and the applied bending after interfacial plastic shearing. We further give semi-analytical solutions to the bending of bilayers when both interfacial shearing and pre-existing crack are present in the interface of rectangular and circular bilayers. The analytical solutions are validated by using finite element simulations. Our analysis suggests that interfacial shearing resistance, interfacial stiffness and preexisting cracks dramatically influence the bending rigidity of bilayers. The results can be utilized to understand the significant stiffness difference in typical biostructures and novel materials, and may also be used for non-destructive detection of interfacial crack in composites when stiffness can be probed through vibration techniques.     

Passive Tracking of Multiple Underwater Targets in Incomplete Detection and Clutter Environment

A major advantage of the use of passive sonar in the tracking multiple underwater targets is that they can be kept covert, which reduces the risk of being attacked. However, the nonlinearity of the passive Doppler and bearing measurements, the range unobservability problem, and the complexity of data association between measurements and targets make the problem of underwater passive multiple target tracking challenging. To deal with these problems, the cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) recursion, which is based on Bayesian information theory, is developed to handle the data association uncertainty, and to acquire existing targets’ numbers and states (e.g., position and velocity). The key idea of the CPHD recursion is to simultaneously estimate the targets’ intensity and the probability distribution of the number of targets. The CPHD recursion is the first moment approximation of the Bayesian multiple targets filter, which avoids the data association procedure between the targets and measurements including clutter. The Bayesian-filter-based extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied to deal with the nonlinear bearing and Doppler measurements. The experimental results show that the EKF-based CPHD recursion works well in the underwater passive multiple target tracking system in cluttered and noisy environments.