Discrete Boltzmann Method with Maxwell-Type Boundary Condition for Slip Flow

The rarefied effect of gas flow in microchannel is significant and cannot be well described by traditional hydrodynamic models. It has been known that discrete Boltzmann model(DBM) has the potential to investigate flows in a relatively wider range of Knudsen number because of its intrinsic kinetic nature inherited from Boltzmann equation.It is crucial to have a proper kinetic boundary condition for DBM to capture the velocity slip and the flow characteristics in the Knudsen layer. In this paper, we present a DBM combined with Maxwell-type boundary condition model for slip flow. The tangential momentum accommodation coefficient is introduced to implement a gas-surface interaction model.Both the velocity slip and the Knudsen layer under various Knudsen numbers and accommodation coefficients can be well described. Two kinds of slip flows, including Couette flow and Poiseuille flow, are simulated to verify the model.To dynamically compare results from different models, the relation between the definition of Knudsen number in hard sphere model and that in BGK model is clarified.     

垂直均匀射流下CPU散热器换热性能的数值分析

对垂直射流下CPU散热器的流场及温度场进行了数值模拟,得到了CPU散热器流场及温度场的分布规律,指出近底面肋片间存在回流区,明显影响传热。分析了CPU散热器在射流时不同情况下的散热性能,计算所得数据有助于CPU散热器的设计与改进。     

Properties of train traffic flow in a moving block system

The development direction of railways is toward the improvement of capacity and service quality, where the service quality includes safety, schedule, high speed, and comfort. In light of the existing cellular automaton models, in this paper, we develop a model to analyze the mixed running processes of trains with maximal speeds of 500 km/h and 350 km/h respectively in the moving block system. In the proposed model, we establish some sound rules to control the running processes of a train, where the rules include the departure rules in the intermediate stations, the overtaking rules, and the conditions of speed limitation for a train stopping at a station or passing through a station. With the consideration of the mixed ratio and the distance between two adjacent stations, the properties of the train traffic flow (including capacity and average speed) are simulated. The numerical results show that the interactions among different trains will affect the capacity, and a proper increase of the spatial distance between two adjacent stations can enhance the capacity and the average speed under the moving block.     

颗粒速度在颗粒流稀疏流-密集流转变中的作用

用实验和计算模拟的方法研究了颗粒流中的颗粒速度与颗粒流特性的关系.实验研究发现当入口流量固定时，在出口上方高速运动的颗粒会使颗粒流由稀疏流向密集流转变的临界出口尺寸变小.当颗粒流转变为密集流后，颗粒速度的作用被出口上方的颗粒堆积区所消耗，最终变得与颗粒速度无关.二维分子动力学模拟计算得到了与实验相同的结论.通过二维分子动力学模拟计算，还给出了不同颗粒速度下体系的密度和速率在空间的分布图.这些分布图显示随着颗粒到达出口上方的瞬间速度的不同，颗粒堆积区的密度和高度均会改变，并最终导致颗粒流流动状态的改变. 关键词： 颗粒流 颗粒气体 分子动力学模拟     

基于孔口出流模型的实验研究及理论分析

基于孔口出流模型对底部有小孔的圆柱体容器中液体液面高度随时间的变化规律进行了实验研究,并通过计入液体表面张力引起的孔口收缩和流体黏滞力导致的能量损失对实验结果进行了理论分析,与实验结果一致.     

进气畸变对压气机稳定性的影响

在低速大尺寸单级压气机实验器上,实验研究了动态进气畸变对压气机稳定边界的影响。并采取在静子叶片表面埋入微型压力传感器的方法,分析了压气机流场的动态压力特性。实验结果表明,动态总压畸变的旋转频率和旋转方向对压气机稳定性有很大的影响,当畸变相对转速n在0~+0．5之间时,压气机失速推迟;分析动态压力的频谱特性后知道,在压气机失速前一般存在与失速相关的压力扰动,动态总压畸变影响这种压力扰动,从而影响压气机的不稳定流动状态。     

微腔内气体抽离的多尺度模拟与分析

基于适用于整个克努森数范围的流动理论,建立了去除惯性约束聚变实验中靶丸内空气的理论模型,并设计实验验证了此模型的可靠性。物理实验要求靶丸内空气浓度低于10×10⁻⁶,数值模拟了去除靶丸内空气的过程,重点分析了靶丸内空气浓度、压力与除气时间的关系。计算并比较了单管路一次抽气法、单管路循环抽气法与双管路流洗法三种去除靶丸内空气方法的时间成本。数值计算结果表明：单管路一次抽气法中,靶丸上的微通道的存在对去除靶丸内空气所需时间的影响不可忽略,在考虑靶丸上微通道与充气管的情况下,需要1961.77 h才能使靶丸内的空气浓度达到标准。单管路循环抽气法中,抽气次数与单次抽气程度会影响去除靶丸内空气所需总时间,在单次抽气程度值取最优的情况下,采用充三次,抽四次的方案可使达标总时间减少至1 h左右,此方案下单次充气和抽气时间分别为6 min和10 min。而采用双管路流洗法则仅需11 min便可使靶丸内空气浓度达标。     

Kriging‐based optimization applied to flow control

The automatic optimization of flow control devices is a delicate issue because of the drastic computational time related to unsteady high‐fidelity flow analyses and the possible multimodality of the objective function. Thus, we experiment in this article the use of kriging‐based algorithms to optimize flow control parameters because these methods have shown their efficiency for global optimization at moderate cost. Navier–Stokes simulations, carried out for different control parameters, are used to build iteratively a kriging model. At each step, a statistical analysis is performed to enrich the model with new simulation results by exploring the most promising areas, until optimal flow control parameters are found. This approach is validated and demonstrated on two problems, including comparisons with similar studies: the control of the flow around an oscillatory rotating cylinder and the reduction of the intensity of a shock wave for a transonic airfoil by adding a bump to the airfoil profile. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Melting heat transfer in the stagnation‐point flow of an upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid past a stretching sheet

The steady laminar boundary layer flow and heat transfer past a stretching sheet arre considered. Upper‐convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid is treated as a rheological model. The resulting nonlinear differential system is solved by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The influence of melting parameter (M), Prandtl number (Pr), Deborah number (β) and stretching ratio (A = a/c) on the velocity and temperature profiles is thoroughly examined. It is noticed that fields are effected appreciably with the variation of parameters. Furthermore, it is seen that the local Nusselt number is a decreasing function of melting parameter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.