温差电技术原理及在工科物理实验中的应用

简要介绍温差电技术的基本原理以及运用该原理设计、制作一些在工科物理实验中的装置。     

程序升温热重法研究扎赉诺尔煤的气化动力学

用程序升温热重法对扎赉诺尔煤（ＺＬ）的８００℃半焦进行ＣＯ２气化研究，考察了升温速率对ＴＧ／ＤＴＧ谱图的影响，分析讨论了ＤＴＧ参数（Ｔｍ和Ｒｍ）的变化；用单一升温速率法和多个升温速率组合法分别作了动力学计算，并对结果进行了分析讨论。结果表明：Ｔｍ和Ｒｍ均随升温速率的增高而增大，两种计算方法得到的动力学参数是不同的，单一升温速率法计算出的表观活化能Ｅ和指前因子Ａ遵循关系式：ｌｏｇＡ＝０．１０Ｅ－８．     

阿尔芬波加热研究的进展

本文概述了阿尔芬波加热的理论和实验情况。讨论了阿尔芬波加热的基本物理问题,并介绍了某些重要的实验结果。对在大托卡马克上采用阿尔芬波加热的可能性进行了全面论述。     

Contact interaction of a rigid heat-conducting punch with an elastic layer involving nonstationary frictional heating

A mathematical formulation is given and a solution is found to the quasistatic contact problem of thermoelasticity for a rigid heat-conducting punch moving over an elastic layer with fixed base. The interaction is accompanied by heating due to frictional forces obeying Amonton’s law. The problem is reduced to a system of integral equations with time-varying limits of integration. The structure of these equations depends on the type of thermal and physical conditions on the contact surface. An algorithm is proposed for the numerical solution of this kind of equations. The variation in the contact pressure and contact area with time is studied __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 35–46, December 2005.     

Simultaneous impacts of MHD and variable wall temperature on transient mixed Casson nanofluid flow in the stagnation point of rotating sphere

A numerical analysis is provided to scrutinize time-dependent magnetohydrodynamics(MHD) free and forced convection of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid flow in the forward stagnation point region of an impulsively rotating sphere with variable wall temperature. A single-phase flow of nanofluid model is reflected with a number of experimental formulae for both effective viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid. Exceedingly nonlinear governing partial differential equations(PDEs)subject to their compatible boundary conditions are mutated into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs). The derived nonlinear system is solved numerically with implementation of an implicit finite difference procedure merging with a technique of quasi-linearization. The controlled parameter impacts are clarified by a parametric study of the entire flow regime. It is depicted that from all the exhibited nanoparticles,Cu possesses the best convection. The surface heat transfer and surface shear stresses in the x-and z-directions are boosted with maximizing the values of nanoparticle solid volume fraction ? and rotation λ. Besides, as both the surface temperature exponent n and the Casson parameter γ upgrade, an enhancement of the Nusselt number is given.     

超高温、大热流、非线性气动热环境试验模拟及测试技术研究

超高温、大热流、非线性气动热环境试验模拟技术及相应的极端高温环境力学测试技术,是高超声速飞行器防热材料和结构安全设计中事关研制成败的关键技术。本文介绍了自行研制的可实现高至210℃/s的极快非线性升温速率、能够生成高达2MW/m2的瞬态非线性热流密度、实现高达1500℃超高温氧化热环境的石英灯红外辐射式气动热环境试验模拟系统。基于这一性能优越的超高温气动热环境试验模拟系统,发展了如下超高温热环境力学测试技术:1)提出对环境光变化不敏感的主动成像数字图像相关方法,实现了C/SiC复合材料1550℃高温变形的非接触、全场光学测量;2)发展了1400℃超高温热/力联合试验环境下SiC/SiC复合材料结构的断裂特性试验测试技术。本文还简要介绍了高速巡航导弹翼面结构900℃高温热振联合试验,950℃高温非线性热环境下的蜂窝结构隔热性试验等研究内容。本文所发展的超高温气动热环境试验模拟技术和高温热环境力学测试技术,对航天航空领域高超声速飞行器的研制具有重要的军事工程应用价值。     

不同升温速率下AP/HTPB底排装置慢速烤燃的数值模拟

为研究在不同升温速率下高氯酸铵(ammonium perchlorate, AP)/端羟基聚丁二烯(tydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, HTPB)底排装置的慢速烤燃特性,建立AP/HTPB底排推进剂二维轴对称非稳态传热模型和两步化学动力学反应模型。在不同升温速率下,分析底排装置的慢速烤燃响应特性。计算结果表明:在慢速烤燃的条件下,烤燃响应点发生在底排药柱与空气腔的接触面左侧,升温速率对底排药柱的着火延迟时间和烤燃响应点位置有较大影响。随着升温速率的提高,着火延迟时间变短,烤燃响应点向中心侧移动。升温速率对烤燃响应点的着火温度影响较小。     

Fracture mechanics of steel plate under Joule heating analyzed by energy density criterion

In the electric-conductive material with fractures, the electric current and Joule heating will induce a local hot spot around the crack tip. By the finite element simulation, this phenomenon has been proved so that it can be applied to the fracture detection for the steel plate. As a result, the temperature variation near the fracture tip must be large enough so that the thermal sensing system can detect the hot spot at the fracture tip. It is necessary to apply large electric current on the steel plate to make obvious temperature variation. However, higher electric current will increase the driving force for the crack growth.     

激光脉冲加热的二维广义热弹性问题研究

基于L-S广义热弹性理论,研究了半无限大板局部受到激光脉冲加热时的广义热弹性问题.为避免常规积分变换方法求解带来的精度丢失,采用有限元法直接在时间域进行求解,得到了激光脉冲加热时板中的温度、位移及应力的变化规律.结果表明,直接求解方法可以准确描述热在介质中以有限的速度传播,同时发现,激光脉冲加热过后,结构的最高温度随着时间的推移逐渐降低,且最高温度的位置总在热波波前附近,此处的应力也明显高于其他区域.