AP1000屏蔽厂房在接触爆炸荷载作用下的非线性动力分析

屏蔽厂房是AP1000核岛厂房的第一层外部防线,确保屏蔽厂房在服役期间遭受爆炸冲击荷载作用下的安全性和完整性,十分重要。本文中,采用欧拉-拉格朗日算法(coupled Euler-Lagrange, CEL),对炸药在屏蔽厂房20种不同起爆部位作用下的动态破坏特征进行了研究,以结构贯穿破坏的损伤质量作为损伤程度的判别依据,着重探讨在不同起爆位置作用下结构的压力和损伤演化特性。研究表明：在接触爆炸荷载作用下,厂房在起爆点附近发生局部破坏;在相同高度下,环向不同角度起爆所引起的损伤程度差异较小,不同高度起爆的损伤程度差异较大。通过压力和损伤的演化分析,确定了屏蔽厂房最不利抗爆部位,对厂房不同部位的配筋策略提出建议。结论可为制定屏蔽厂房在爆炸冲击荷载作用下的安全防护措施提供参考依据。

     

滨海软土地层机械法联络通道施工影响监测分析

机械法联络通道T接施工技术是一种施工软土地区地铁联络通道的新型工法, 具有全程机械化、施工周期短、可直接切削主隧道和洞口等优点. 以宁波地铁3号线某联络通道工程为研究对象, 通过监测分析研究新工法对周围地层、主隧道结构等的施工影响. 结果表明: 受交叉施工影响, 联络通道纵向靠近主隧道的地表沉降较大, 靠近联络通道中央影响较小; 横向中心位置地表沉降较大, 两侧影响较小; 主隧道结构沉降及隧道断面收敛变形较小; 顶推过程对周围地层影响明显, 但水平地面受影响较小, 表明地层总体沉降量小, 基本可控. 此外, 采用peck曲线和高斯曲线分别描述纵横向地面沉降的变化特征, 采用回归分析确定了沉降曲线参数, 与实际监测结果相比, 两者拟合良好.     

New ablation experiment aimed at metal expulsion at the hydrodynamic regime

The effects of nanosecond visible laser on metallic materials have been studied experimentally. High laser energies (>10¹³ W/cm²) created a hydrodynamic regime, where the ablation pressure and the ensuing shock wave are the main mechanisms for material expulsion. Plasma shielding caused a constant material removal despite the increase of energy, while the increase of number of pulses resulted in an almost linear increase of the crater volume, despite the lower depths reached with every subsequent pulse. Our results show that there is a correlation between ablation efficiency and material properties, namely ablation efficiency decreases with melting temperature and bulk modulus.     

Transition edge sensor system for material analysis using transmission electron microscope

We have developed a Transition Edge Sensor (TES) – Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) based on a dilution refrigerator. The dilution refrigerator was cooled by liquid helium (L-He), which was supplied from an L-He container separated from the dilution refrigerator. We adopted the hybrid magnetic shields combining a permalloy shield and a NbTi/Nb/Cu superconducting shield to operate the TEM–TES system under a magnetic field of 200 mT. The permalloy shield was used to prevent the ambient magnetic field until the NbTi superconducting shield cooled from room temperature (RT) to 2 K. The critical magnetic field was 220 mT for the TES change from a superconducting state to a normal state. The SQUID – current vs. bias current curve, under the condition that the snout was inserted in the TEM, was equal to the curve of the snout that was out of the TEM. The C (0 0 2) planes could be observed at 120 kV under the condition the snout was inserted in the TEM.     

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EAST运行中的温度改变会导致磁体及冷屏产生形变和位移。为了测量此位移的变化,利用一个延长臂,把位移转移到较易测量的位置,然后采用直滑式电位器把位移变化转换成电压变化并测量出其值,最终转换成位移的变化值。该测量系统解决了EAST装置中磁体和冷屏位移测量的难题。     

稀土／高分子复合材料的研究进展

详述了稀土／高分子复合材料的特异性能。着重说明了该复合材料的射线屏蔽性能和磁性能。指出稀土／高分子复合材料在X射线屏蔽应用中可有效弥补铅的弱吸收区;具有高稀土含量的复合高分子屏蔽材料具有强的热中子吸收能力;含稀土的共聚物具有强顺磁性,提出了制备磁性和磁智能稀土／高分子复合材料的可行性。此外,概述了稀土／高分子复合材料的3种主要制备方法：聚合法,简单掺混法和反应加工法。分析了稀土／高分子配位前体结构和配位数目对光性能的影响;指出了稀土／高分子复合材料可能具有的离聚物结构及其特征;提出原位生成稀土／高分子纳米复合结构的可行性,还对稀土／高分子复合材料的结构与性能的关系进行了详细的探讨,并对制备稀土／高分子复合材料所存在的问题进行了一定的说明。     

基于能量法的双钢板混凝土遮弹层设计计算方法研究

为了深入探讨双钢板混凝土结构抗强冲击时后附钢板的耗能方式变化,基于最小耗能原理和无量纲化分析,反推得到了不同材料和结构尺寸下后附钢板耗能状态。结合混凝土强度极限条件,建立了兼顾塑性变形和侵彻贯穿破坏形态的后附钢板综合耗能计算公式以及后附钢板最小临界厚度解析表达式。计算结果表明,薄钢板综合耗能可达仅考虑贯穿效应耗能的4~5倍。基于能量守恒原理,提出了双钢板混凝土遮弹层防贯穿设计六步法,给出了弹体临界贯穿速度和弹体余速计算公式。该计算公式与已有钢板混凝土结构侵彻试验结果吻合较好。

     

Al/Mg波阻抗梯度材料加强型Whipple结构超高速撞击特性研究

波阻抗梯度材料加强型Whipple结构具有优异的防护性能。本文的目的是研究Al/Mg波阻抗梯度材料加强型Whipple结构在5.0 km/s撞击速度下的超高速撞击特性,以及除具有高阻抗的迎撞击面在弹丸中产生更高的冲击压力和温升外,影响波阻抗梯度材料防护性能的主要因素。本文中提出一种由铝合金表层和镁合金基底组成的面密度等效于1.5 mm厚铝合金的新型波阻抗梯度防护屏,采用二级轻气炮在5.0 km/s的撞击速度下对Al/Mg波阻抗梯度材料加强型和铝合金Whipple结构进行了初步超高速撞击对比实验,研究了超高速撞击防护屏穿孔、碎片云和后墙损伤特性。与铝合金防护结构相比,Al/Mg防护结构具有防护屏穿孔翻边更明显、后墙损伤较轻微、碎片云扩散半角大和撞击坑细化程度高4个主要特征。本文中开展了理论分析与计算,研究了冲击耦合过程、波传播特性和热力学状态等。结果表明：不受面密度影响,Al/Mg防护屏能改变冲击波在靶中的传播特征,使弹丸破碎程度更高,并且提升了防护屏中的内能转化率,具有优异的动能耗散特性。因此,与同等面密度的铝合金Whipple结构相比,Al/Mg结构具有更优异的防护性能。

     

Helmet-size vessels of high-Tc oxide superconductor for magnetic shield

We have developed a very large magnetic shielding vessel made from high-T_c Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor and have experimentally confirmed that this vessel can reduce a weak magnetic field to -100 dB or 1/10⁵. The size of this vessel is 32 cm in diameter, 64 cm in depth and 2.5 cm in thickness. The shielding effect of the vessel does not decrease even at a low frequency like 0.2 Hz. The high attenuation ratio in the low frequency range indicates that magnetic shielding using a high-T_c superconductor is promising for neuromagnetic measurements with SQUID.     

Dynamical stability analysis of a hose to the sky

The Stratospheric Shield was proposed as a geoengineering concept to control the Earth's climate and reverse global warming. This approach seeks to release sulphur dioxide (SO₂) aerosols in the stratosphere to decrease the amount of sunlight that reaches the surface of the Earth. It was proposed that this can be done by pumping liquefied SO₂ from the ground to the stratosphere in a 30 km long hose supported by aerostats.In this paper we evaluate the dynamic stability of a hose to the sky considering distributed supportive aerostats and an atomiser nozzle that forces a radial discharge of the fluid at the free end of the pipe. We modelled the pipe as a taut string conveying fluid using the finite element method.With a nozzle that discharges the flow straight through, we found that the pipe loses stability by buckling when the tension becomes null at least at one location along its length. This instability can be avoided by having a sufficient minimum tension T₀ throughout the whole length of the pipe. The distribution of aerostats does not influence this instability but it modifies the mode shapes and affects the complex frequencies. The atomiser discharging the flow radially at the tip of the pipe has for effect to remove the possibility of an instability; its use is thus recommended. Moreover, we showed that the Coriolis damping can be significant and that by appropriately selecting the number of aerostats as well as the dimensionless flow velocity, stability can be increased. With this in mind, a functional hose to the sky could be designed to maximise Coriolis damping and thus passively damp the motion of the pipe due to forcing from the wind.