圆柱贮箱液体非线性晃动的多维模态分析方法

将Faltinsen等提出的多维模态理论应用到求解圆柱贮箱液体非线性晃动问题中．根据Narimanov-Moiseiev的三阶渐近假设关系,通过选取主导模态以及确定它们的阶次关系,将一般形式的无穷维模态系统降为五维渐近模态系统,即描述自由液面波高的广义坐标之间相互耦合的二阶非线性常微分方程组．通过对这个模态系统的数值积分,得到了与以前的理论分析和实验结果相吻合的非线性现象．研究结果表明,多维模态方法是用来求解液体非线性晃动动力学的一个很好的工具．在我们的下一步工作中,将继续发展这种方法,用来研究更为复杂的晃动问题．     

无损贮存及涨罐饱和相热力学模型研究

在低温液体无损贮存及涨罐研究方面,经常采用一种假设容器内气、液相均为饱和相的热力学模型.这种模型比较符合实际,并能够大大简化容器内的热力学状态,是一种比较常用的热力学模型.文中利用一个5m3低温贮罐进行的液氮无损贮存及涨罐试验,对该热力学模型进行了对比研究,讨论了饱和相热力学模型误差产生的原因,对于无损贮存和涨罐研究具...     

The sloshing of stratified liquid in a two-dimensional rectangular tank

The sloshing of inviscid liquid of stratified density in a rectangular tank is analyzed.As the flow is no longer irrotional,the governing equation is found to be quite different from the Laplace equation used for the liquid of constant density.In particular it contains terms of mixed temporal and spatial derivatives.The problem is solved based on the variable separation method and Laplace transform for the constant Vaisala-Brunt frequency.It is found that the stratification of density may have small effects...     

基于FLOW-3D的砂性尾矿浆自然冲积分选计算

上游式尾矿库滩面的运行坡度与颗粒分区影响防洪安全与坝体稳定。为了准确量化滩面的尾矿颗粒沉积特征,针对粗颗粒砂性尾矿,提出了基于FLOW-3D泥沙冲积理论的计算方法。经尾矿浆自由沉降算例与试验验证,计算方法具有很好的可靠性,计算精度满足工程要求。设定流槽计算系统模拟滩面运行,计算不同入库浓度下滩面的沉积分选特征。结果表明：尾矿库干滩面的几何形态和颗粒沉积特征,与尾矿的级配、排放浓度密切相关。入库浓度越大,滩面形态越复杂,越易形成陡坎深坑,颗粒物沉积范围越小,分选性越差。

     

Standardisierung der dünnschichtchromatographischen Trennungen von Flechtensäuren zur Chemotaxonomie von Flechten

Zusammenfassung Die dünnschichtchromatographische Trennung von Flechtenextrakten zur Unterstützung der Taxonomie wurde in Bezug auf die Trennleistung und auf die Reproduzierbarkeit optimiert. Dabei wurden besonders gute Trennleistungen erhalten mit dem Flie?mittelgemisch Benzol:Dioxa:Eisessig=90∶25∶4 bei Verwendung von Kieselgel, dessen Aktivit?t durch eine Umgebung mit relativer Feuchte von 70% festgelegt wurde, und mit Methylenchlorid als Eluiermittel bei Verwendung von mit Oxals?ure impr?gniertem Kieselgel und antiparallelem Aktivit?tsgradienten. Eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit der Trennungen wurde erreicht durch Verwendung der Vario-KS-Kammer nach Geiss, die die Einstellung einer definierten Schichtaktivit?t bzw. eines definierten Aktivit?tsgradienten und eine reproduzierbare Vorbedampfung der Schicht mit Flie?mittel erm?glicht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, da? durch unterschiedliche chromatographische Trennungen der gleichen Extrakte und durch die Verwendung verschiedener Anf?rbereagenzien die Identifizierung und damit die Aussagekraft für taxonomische Probleme steigt.

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Standardisation of the thin-layer chromatographic separation of lichen acids for the chemotaxonomy of lichens

Summary The thin-layer chromatography of lichen extracts for taxonomic studies has been optimized in relation to separation and to reproducibility. Especially good separations were found with benzene:dioxane:acetic acid (90∶25∶4) developer and silica gel thin-layer plates, whose activity was fixed by an ambient moisture content of 70%, and with methylene chloride developer and silica gel plates impregnated with oxalic acid and antiparallel activity gradient. High reproducibility of separation was obtained using the Geiss Vario-KS tank, which allows the activity of the plates or the activity gradient to be adjusted and which also allows reproducible exposure of plates to the vapour of developing solvents. By different chromatographic separations of the same extracts and by using different colour reactions the accuracy of identification for taxonomic studies has been improved.

     

Preconcentration of samples in sandwich tanks for continuous thin-layer chromatography

It is demonstrated that horizontai sandwich tank with two cover plates can be used to preconcentrate sample solutions. Narrow sharply-defined starting zones are obtained just outside the smaller cover plate when the series of spots of the sample solution are applied on the thin layer and predeveloped with a volatile solvent. After evaporation of the solvent, the whole area of the TLC-plate is covered with two plates and developed with a suitable solvent.     

A critical reappraisal of recent communications on the hydrodynamic characterization of silica (aerosil) hydrosols

Different results from recent communications on the hydrodynamic characterization of ultrasonicated silica (®Aerosil) hydrosols led to a critical reappraisal of the data.It can be concluded that the degree of dispersion achievable in pyrogenic (Aerosil) hydrosols by ultrasonication is highly sensitive to the detailed parameters of the dispersion process. Characterization in terms ofabsolute numbers of a limiting particle morphology, corresponding to minima of aggregate size, porosity and number of primary particles in the aggregate is not possible.The most straightforward approach for hydrodynamic characterization seems to be a combination of sedimentation and diffusion data.Other approaches using a combination of sedimentation and viscosity data underestimate the particle dimensions. Moreover, they are quite arbitrary since the final result depends upon the proper choice between several equations for fitting the viscosity concentration dependence; the most rigorous approach seems to be an extended Einstein equation which has recently been adapted to particle aggregates.     

小当量水中爆炸冲击波实验及数值模拟

在小当量(≤10g TNT)爆炸水箱装置中分别进行了0.125g、1.00g、3.37g、8.00g TNT当量PETN球形炸药水中爆炸实验.采用PCB压电型传感器测量水中爆炸冲击波压力脉冲,将实验数据拟合所得公式与文献的经验方程相比较,两者具有较好符合.另外,在小于20%的相对误差范围内,采用AUTODYN一维模拟计算能够预测和验证实验结果.因此,通过小当量水中爆炸实验获得的经验公式可推广到大当量水中爆炸实验.这样既能克服大当量水中爆炸实验耗费大、危险性高等困难,也能够较精确地预估峰值压力.     

Inertial migration of sedimenting particles in a suspension flow through a Hele-Shaw cell

Within the framework of the model of two interpenetrating continua, a horizontal laminar dilute-suspension flow in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell is investigated. Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, an asymptotic model of the transverse migration of sedimenting particles is constructed. The particle migration in the horizontal section of the cell is caused by an inertial lateral force induced by the particle sedimentation and the shear flow of the carrier phase. A characteristic longitudinal length scale is determined, on which the particles migrate across the slot through a distance of the order of the slot half-width. The evolution of the particle number concentration and velocity fields along the channel is studied using the full Lagrangian method. Depending on the particle inertia parameter, different particle migration regimes (with and without crossing of the channel central plane by the particles) are detected. A critical value of the particle inertia parameter corresponding to the change in migration regime is found analytically. The possibility of intersection of the particle trajectories and the formation of singularities in the particle number concentration is demonstrated.     

小当量水中爆炸气泡的脉动现象

为研究水中爆炸气泡的脉动现象,设计了用于小当量(10 g TNT)水中爆炸研究的爆炸水箱,在爆炸水箱装置中进行了多次0.125、1.000、3.370、8.000 g TNT当量的PETN球形炸药水中爆炸试验。采用高速摄影系统获得了气泡脉动图片;给出试验范围内气泡脉动过程中气泡直径、速度及加速度随时间变化的拟合曲线。对气泡脉动直径和周期数据进行了分析,这些数据基本符合爆炸相似律。